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Little Master Cup

Definition: The term 'Little Master cup' is a translation of the German Kleinmeisterschale, alluding to the small scale of the decorative elements. It has a high-stemmed foot and an offset concave lip. Examples are divided into two categories: lip-cups and band-cups.
Type: kon:Shape, skos:Concept

Group of Walters 48.42

Definition: The Group of Walters 48.42 is a group of Athenian black-figure cups produced ca. 530-520 BCE. Considered to be part of the Krokotos Workshop, the name derives from a cup (Baltimore, Walters Art Gallery 48.42; BAPD 302634) showing Dionysos’ head between eyes on the exterior. The group is characterized by Type A cups that feature eyes on the exterior, some with figures (satyrs, maenads, Herakles, Nereus), and a gorgoneion in the interior. Findspots include Vulci, Roselle, Falerii, and Athens.
Type: crm:E74_Group, skos:Concept

Phiale Painter

Definition: The Phiale Painter was a painter of the Attic red-figure style. He was active around 460 to 430 BC. The Phiale Painter is assumed to have been a pupil of the Achilles Painter.
Type: crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Hegesiboulos Painter

Definition: The Hegesiboulos Painter is an Athenian red-figure cup painter active ca. 510-500 BCE. The name derives from the potter (“epoisen”) who signs as Hegesiboulos on a cup (New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art 07.286.47; BAPD 201603) showing a man and his dog (surrounded by coral-red) on the interior and a symposion and komos on the exterior. A fragment of an unidentified shape from the Athenian Acropolis (Athens, National Museum 2.538; BAPD 201604) showing a symposion has been connected to the painter.
Type: crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Pitcher

Definition: ‘Pitcher’ is a generic term for a container with a handle and lip used for pouring liquids. See oinochoe and olpe.
Type: kon:Shape, skos:Concept

Goluchow Painter

Definition: The Goluchow Painter is an Athenian red-figure painter active in the late 6th c. BCE. The name derives from an olpe from Cerveteri (Warsaw, National Museum 142463, ex Goluchow; BAPD 200045) showing a discus thrower. The other shape is the oinochoe, and scenes are of athletes, a satyr, and musicians. Other findspots are Vulci and Athens.
Type: crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Psykter

Definition: Psykter' comes from a word for 'cooling.' The term is used now to denote an Attic shape with a broad, hollow stem, a bulging, mushroom-shaped body, and a broad mouth. It was sometimes furnished with a lid and pierced tubes for cord. The psykters was filled with snow or cold water and set to float in a krater full of wine.
Type: kon:Shape, skos:Concept

Geras Painter

Definition: The Geras Painter is an Athenian red-figure painter active ca. 480-470 BCE. The name derives from a pelike (Paris, Louvre G234; BAPD 202622) showing Herakles and Geras (“old age”). Other shapes are the neck amphora, kraters, hydria, and stamnos. Subjects include Dionysos and followers, Ganymede, Theseus, Europa, Aktaion, Triptolemos and Demeter, and Herakles. Findspots are Vulci, Nola, sites in Sicily, and Locris (Greece).
Type: crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Elbows Out

Definition: Elbows Out is an Athenian black-figure painter active ca. 550-530 BCE. The name derives from the exaggerated arm gestures of the figures. Like the Affecter, Elbows Out is classified as a mannerist painter. Shapes include band-cups, lip-cups, the skyphos, lekythos, and amphora. Subjects are animals, youths, women, and erotic scenes. Examples have been discovered in the Black Sea, Etruria, Naukratis, and Greece.
Type: crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Painter of Berlin 1686

Definition: The Painter of Berlin 1686 is an Athenian black-figure painter active ca. 550-530 BCE. The name derives from an amphora (Berlin, Antikensammlung F1686; BAPD 320383) portraying a sacrifice to Athena. Other scenes include courting, choral performance, Herakles, and warriors. Findspots are Etruria, Sicily, sites in Greece, Cyrene, and Kerch (Black Sea).
Type: crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Sakonides

Definition: Sakonides is an Athenian black-figure painter of Little Master cups active ca. 560-520 BCE. The signature as painter ("egrapsen") appears on several cups, including one cup of Type A from the Athenian Acropolis (Athens, National Museum Acr.; BAPD 301108). Subjects are mostly female heads, but also Herakles, youths, and riders. Other findspots include Etruria, Sicily, Thrace, and Olbia.
Type: crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Oinochoe

Definition: The term 'oinochoe' means 'wine-pourer.' The wine jug is fashioned in many varieties (conical, concave, convex) but is usually furnished with a single vertical handle. The mouth can be round, trefoil, or beak-shaped.
Type: kon:Shape, skos:Concept

Segment Class

Definition: The Segment Class is the name assigned to a class of Athenian black-figure cups that have figure decoration covering their whole interior, while their exteriors are black. They date to the last quarter of the 6th c. BCE, and their subjects are mostly Dionysian. Findspots include Athens (Acropolis, Agora), Argos, Italy, Sicily, and the Black Sea.
Type: crm:E74_Group, skos:Concept

Lid

Definition: Lids were associated with a variety of vase shapes. Vessels that generally had lids were the pyxis, lekanis, lebes gamikos, and sometimes the amphora and oinochoe.
Type: kon:Shape, skos:Concept

Tankard

Definition: The tankard developed from the mug late in the Middle Geometric period. It has a single handle that often rises above the mouth. In the Late Geometric period, the rim begins to overhand the largest diameter.
Type: kon:Shape, skos:Concept

One-handled Cup

Definition: A low cup with one handle. The shape is common in Attic black-glazed pottery of the 5th c. and 4th c. BCE.
Type: kon:Shape, skos:Concept

Euergides Painter

Definition: The Euergides Painter is an Athenian red-figure cup painter active ca. 515-500 BCE. The name derives from the potter ("epoiesen") who signs as Euergides on several examples. Shapes are cups and the alabastron. Subjects include warriors, women, athletes, satyrs and maenads, hunting, Theseus and the Minotaur, Achilles and Ajax, and revelers (“komasts”). The painter also places sphinxes, griffins, and winged horses near the cup handles. A notable example is the cup dedicated on the Athenian Acropolis (Athens, National Museum Akr. 2.166; BAPD 200761) showing Athena watching metalworkers. Other findspots are the Athenian Agora, Thasos, Eretria, Etruria (Vulci, Cerveteri, Gravisca), Kerch, and Naukratis.
Type: crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Mastos

Definition: The name of this vessel comes from the word 'mastos' meaning 'breast,' since the shape of the cup resembles a woman's breast. It is usually furnished with one vertical and one horizontal handle and is sometimes provided with a foot instead of a nipple.
Type: kon:Shape, skos:Concept

Kylix

Definition: The kylix is a large cup used for drinking wine. It has a relatively shallow bowl, two horizontal handles, and usually, but not necessarily, a high stem above the foot. There are many types of kylix cups such as Komast, Band, Lip, Siana, Type A, and Type B.
Type: kon:Shape, skos:Concept

Strainer

Definition: The strainer is a perforated bowl that was used for straining wine or, in its larger form, used for cooking.
Type: kon:Shape, skos:Concept

Hermonax

Definition: Hermonax is an Athenian red-figure painter active ca. 475-450 BCE. The name derives from the signature as painter (“egrapsen”) on several vases. Shapes are the stamnos, pelike, neck amphora, loutrophoros, oinochoe, lekythos, lekanis, and cups. Subjects include Dionysos and followers, revelers (“komasts”), weddings, warriors, the Death of Orpheus, Zeus and Ganymede, Boreas and Oreithyia, Eros and lovers, and youths and young women. Some findspots are sites in southern Italy and Sicily, Cerveteri, Ampurias (Spain), Athens (Agora, Acropolis), Argos, Brauron, Camiros (Rhodes), and Xanthos (Turkey).
Type: crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Telephos Painter

Definition: The Telephos Painter is an Athenian red figure painter active ca. 470-460 BCE. The name derives from a cup found in eastern Etruria (Boston, Museum of Fine Arts 98.931; BAPD 205037) showing Telephos at the palace of Agamemnon. The main shape is the cup, but also the phiale, neck amphora, lekythos, and rhyton in the shape of a donkey head. Subjects include the symposion, revelers (“komasts”), satyrs, athletes, warriors, Eos and Tithonos, and the Ilioupersis. Some findspots are Orvieto, Etruria (Vulci, Tarquinia), sites in southern Italy and Sicily, Eretria, Athens (Acropolis, unspecified sites), and Camiros (Rhodes).
Type: crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Keyside Class

Definition: The Keyside Class denotes a group of Athenian black-figure painters active late 6th to early 5th c. BCE. The name derives from two vases (Würzburg, Martin von Wagner Museum 347; BAPD 303245; and Würzburg, Martin von Wagner Museum 345; BAPD 303249) with a key-pattern as a side border. Attributed to the class are the Leagros Group, Group of Vatican G49, Painter of Sèvres 100, and Class of Athens 581. The main shape is the oinochoe. Subjects include Dionysos and followers, Herakles, dancers, the symposion, and Amazon. Findspots are Vulci, other Etruscan sites, and sites in southern Italy and Sicily.
Type: crm:E74_Group, skos:Concept

Italy

Definition: The production place of Italy.
Type: crm:E53_Place, skos:Concept

Hypobibazon Class

Definition: The Hypobibazon Class denotes a group of Athenian black-figure vases made around 510 BCE. The name derives from an amphora discovered in the Athenian Kerameikos (Athens, Kerameikos 158; BAPD 301866) showing a warrior about to mount a horse. The shape associated with the class is a belly amphora (Type B) with rounded handles and feet. Painters of this class prefer daily life scenes. Findspots are sites in Athens (Agora, Acropolis, Kerameikos) and Eleusis.
Type: crm:E74_Group, skos:Concept

Amphora

Definition: Meaning 'carry on both sides,' the amphora is made in all fabrics. It has two vertical handles, a wide body, and a narrower neck. Some have a broad foot, some have lids and their size can vary. Used for both liquids and solids, the three main types are: 1) Transport amphora -- a large coarse-ware shape with a long body, small toe and narrow mouth that can be stoppered. 2) Neck amphora -- there are many varieities in fine ware, all sharing an offset neck. In addition, there are specially named variants, e.g. Nikosthenic, Nolan, Panathenaic, and pointed. 3) Belly amphora -- the body and neck form a continuous curve. The forms of handles, mouth, and feet differ among the various types of amphorae.
Type: kon:Shape, skos:Concept

Euthymides

Definition: Euthymides is an Athenian red-figure painter active ca. 515-500 BCE, who signed as both painter (“egrapsen”) and potter (“epoiesen”). Euthymides is considered a member of the Pioneer Group, along with Euphronios, Phintias, and other vase-painters. One of the best known works is an amphora (Munich, Antikensammlungen 2307; BAPD 200160) featuring revelers (“komasts”) and the inscription “as never Euphronios.” Shapes include different amphora types, the hydria, and cups. Scenes are Dionysos and followers, other gods, athletes, Theseus, Herakles, and the symposion. Some findspots are Vulci and other sites in Etruria, Athens (Acropolis, Agora), sites in Sicily and southern Italy, and Vix (France).
Type: crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

The Fralin Museum of Art

Definition: The Fralin Museum of Art of the University of Virginia
Type: crm:E40_Legal_Body, skos:Concept

Amphoriskos

Definition: The small version of the amphora, the amphoriskos is based on the pointed variant of the neck-amphora or transport amphora. Used for perfumed oil, some carry stamped designs.
Type: kon:Shape, skos:Concept

Epeleios Painter

Definition: The Epeleios Painter is an Athenian red-figure cup painter active ca. 515-500 BCE. The name derives from the appellation “Epeleios” inscribed on several vases. Subjects include revelers (“komasts”), sacrifice, satyrs and maenads, athletes, and youths with horses. Some findspots are Etruria (Vulci, Gravisca, Chiusi, Roselle), Athens (Acropolis, Agora), Selinus, and Olbia.
Type: crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Flying-angel Painter

Definition: The Flying-Angel Painter is an Athenian red-figure painter active ca. 480-470 BCE. The name derives from an amphora found in Capua (Boston, Museum of Fine Arts 98.882; BAPD 202711) showing a satyr supporting a child-satyr on his shoulders with outstretched arms (“flying-angel”). Shapes include the amphora (Type C), kraters, pelike, lekythos, and a Panathenaic amphora with revelers (“komasts”). Other subjects are athletes, the symposion, Dionysos and followers, warriors, and Herakles. Some findspots are Cerveteri, Chiusi, Gela, Athens (Acropolis, Agora), Rheneia (Delos), Cyrene, and Kerch.
Type: crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Kleophrades

Definition: Kleophrades signed cups as potter (epoiesen 'made it') that were decorated by a variety of painters. Other vases have been attributed to him on the basis of style. He was the son of the potter Amasis (q.v.).
Type: crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Phormiskos

Definition: The term phormiskos in ancient literary sources applies to all manner of woven bags, sacks, or baskets made from materials including cloth, leather, or rushes. The ceramic Athenian phormiskos is a rare type of gourd-shaped vase that was produced from the 6th c. BCE until around 480 BCE. The shape ranges from spherical, to pear-shaped, to ovoid, to elongated ovoid; all have a slender neck that forms a single contour from lip to a rounded bottom. They are false vases, since the hollow interior of the body connects to a solid neck. Because of this, along with their name, and their largely funerary iconography, they were likely made specifically as a type of grave good that mimicked astragal (knucklebone) sacks made of perishable materials.
Type: kon:Shape, skos:Concept

Leafless Group

Definition: The Leafless Group is a group of Athenian black-figure painters active late 6th to early 5th c. BCE. The name derives from the leafless branches added to the scenes. Shapes include kylix cups (Type A, Type B), the kyathos, and mastoid cups. The scenes are mainly Dionysian. Findspots include Turkey (Smyrna, Xanthos, Clazomenae), Athens (Agora, Acropolis), Adria (Adriatic coast of Italy), Olbia, and Camiros (Rhodes).
Type: crm:E74_Group, skos:Concept

Bulas Group

Definition: The Bulas Group is a group of Athenian black-figure painters active in the early 4th c. BCE. The group is known for decorating the miniature Panathenaic amphora. The name derives from Casimar Bulas, the scholar who first assembled the group. Scenes are of Athena, athletes, and Eros. Findspots include Greece (Corinth, Eretria, Athens), Amathus (Cyprus), Al Mina (Syria), and Cumae.
Type: crm:E74_Group, skos:Concept

Impressed

Definition: Impressed describes decoration that is added by impressing or stamping (see Stamped) designs onto the surface of the vessel before it is painted. In Athens, it first appears around the middle of the 5th c. BCE perhaps in the work of the Sotades Painter (see Painter). The ornament generally consists of small and simple motifs, such as rosettes, concentric circles, palmettes, ovules, and tongues. Impressed and stamped decoration usually appears on drinking vessels.
Type: kon:Technique, skos:Concept

Black Pattern

Definition: Black pattern is a term sometimes used to describe Athenian vases without human or animal figures. The decoration includes floral, linear, or patterned bands. On some vases, large areas of the surface are painted black with a reserved band for decoration. Examples are dated from the mid-6th through the 4th c. BCE. Other regions producing their own versions of black pattern decoration included Corinth, Boeotia, Laconia, and South Italy.
Type: kon:Technique, skos:Concept

Onesimos

Definition: Onesimos is an Athenian red-figure painter active ca. 505-480 BCE, and associated with the Proto-Panaitian Group. The name derives from a cup found at Vulci signed as painter (“egrapsen”) by Onesimos and as potter (“epoiesen”) by Euphronios (Paris, Louvre G105; BAPD 203218) showing horsemen. The primary shape is the cup (kylix). Other shapes are the skyphos, plate, and pyxis. Subjects include Theseus, Herakles, the Trojan War, the symposion, revelers (“komasts”), athletes, and nude females. Some findspots are Etruria (Vulci, Cerveteri, Tarquinia, Chiusi, Orvieto), sites in southern Italy and Sicily, Athens (Acropolis, Agora), and Naukratis.
Type: crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Xenokles Painter

Definition: The Xenokles Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter of Little Master cups active in the mid-6th c. BCE. The name derives from vases signed as potter ("epoiesen") by Xenokles. Shapes include more lip-cups than band-cups and at least one oinochoe. Subjects include the gods, animals, youths, and Herakles. Findspots are in Etruria and southern Italy, Berezan, Miletos, and the Athenian Acropolis.
Type: crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Charmides Painter

Definition: The Charmides Painter is an Athenian red-figure painter active ca. 480-460 BCE. The name derives from the inscription “Charmides kalos'' or “kalos Charmides” (“Charmides is beautiful”) on several vases. Shapes include the neck amphora (Nolan amphora) and lekythos. Subjects are Eros, warriors, the Judgement of Paris, Eos and Tithonos, Nike, and satyrs. Findspots are sites in southern Italy and Sicily and the Athenian Agora.
Type: crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Marine Style

Definition: A Bronze Age Minoan style perhaps inspired by frescoes, the entire surface of a pot was covered with sea creatures, octopus, fish and dolphins, against a background of rocks, seaweed and sponges.
Type: kon:Style, skos:Concept

Ptoon Painter

Definition: The Ptoon Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter active ca. 565-555 BCE. The name derives from the column krater discovered in Boeotia (Mt. Ptoon) (Athens, National Museum 1001; BAPD 300776) decorated with animals. Other shapes include the ovoid neck amphora, hydria, and Siana cup. Subjects are warriors, the symposion, draped, males, mythological scenes, and animals. Findspots include Rhodes, Vulci, Sicily, and Tocra.
Type: crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Siren Painter

Definition: The Siren Painter is an Athenian red-figure painter active ca. 480-470 BCE. The name derives from a stamnos from Vulci (London, British Museum E440; BAPD 202628) showing Odysseus and the Sirens. Shapes are the pelike and stamnos. Subjects include Herakles and Deianira, Perseus and a Gorgon, and the Struggle for the Delphic Tripod. Findspots are Vulci and perhaps Cerveteri.
Type: crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Chelis Painter

Definition: The Chelis Painter is an Athenian red-figure cup painter active ca. 515-500 BCE. The name derives from the potter (“epoiesen”) who signs as Chelis. Subjects are Dionysos and followers, and the known findspots are in Etruria.
Type: crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Epitimos Painter

Definition: The Epitimos Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter of Little Master cups active in mid-6th c. BCE. The name derives from vases signed as potter ("epoiesen") by Epitimos. Subjects include youths, warriors, and erotic scenes. The main findspot is Vulci.
Type: crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Gold

Definition: Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au (from Latin: aurum) and atomic number 79, making it one of the higher atomic number elements that occur naturally. In a pure form, it is a bright, slightly reddish yellow, dense, soft, malleable, and ductile metal. It appears to be the earliest metal to be manipulated by humans.
Type: crm:E57_Material, skos:Concept

Shoulder Hydria

Definition: The so-called Shoulder Hydria is primarily a black-figure shape and dates mostly from ca. 525 through the second quarter of the fifth century B.C.
Type: kon:Shape, skos:Concept

Antiphon Painter

Definition: The Antiphon Painter is an Athenian red-figure painter active ca. 490-470 BCE. The name derives from the inscription “Antiphon kalos” (“Antiphon is beautiful”) on a stand from Pomarico (southern Italy) (Berlin, Antikensammlung F2325; BAPD 203436) showing athletes. The cup is the main shape, and subjects include warriors, hunting, Herakles, Theseus, the symposion, and revelers (“komasts”). Findspots are the Athenian Acropolis, Etruria (Orvieto, Vulci, Tarquinia, Cerveteri, Chiusi), and sites in southern Italy.
Type: crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Potter

Definition: The person responsible for shaping or forming the vessel, whether wheeled or by some other technique.
Type: org:Role, skos:Concept

Acheloos Painter

Definition: The Acheloos Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter active from the end of the 6th c. BCE who is associated with the Leagros Group. The name derives from an amphora found at Vulci (Berlin, Antikensammlung F1851; BAPD 302396) depicting Herakles and Acheloos. Shapes include the neck amphora, lekythos, and hydria. Subjects are mythological with many featuring Herakles. Findspots include Vulci, Cerveteri, and sites in southern Italy and Sicily.
Type: crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Lead

Definition: Lead is a chemical element with the symbol Pb (from the Latin plumbum) and atomic number 82. It is a heavy metal that is denser than most common materials. Lead is soft and malleable, and also has a relatively low melting point.
Type: crm:E57_Material, skos:Concept

Athena Painter

Definition: The Athena Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter active ca. 490-460 BCE. The name derives from a preference for showing scenes of Athena. A few red-figure vases have been connected to this painter, who is perhaps the same artist as the Bowdoin Painter (see Bowdoin Painter [red-figure]). White-ground vases by the painter or from the painter’s workshop are attributed to the Sèvres Class. The main shapes are the lekythos and oinochoe. Findspots are Eretria, Athens, Olympia, Delphi, Rhodes, Etruria, southern Italy, and Sicily.
Type: crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Outline

Definition: Outline denotes using black lines of clay slip to express the edges of a figure or form, leaving interior areas unpainted or untreated. It is commonly used for details of anatomy on figures, such as eyes, faces, and exposed parts of the body. In Athens, it first appears in the Geometric period (see Geometric) combined with silhouette, then in the Orientalizing period (see Orientalizing), and eventually later as part of the black-figure, red-figure, and white-ground techniques.
Type: kon:Technique, skos:Concept

Painter of The Vatican Mourner

Definition: The Painter of the Vatican Mourner is an Athenian black-figure painter active ca. 560-540 BCE, who has been associated with Group E. The name derives from an amphora from Vulci (Rome, Vatican 350; BAPD 310352) featuring a woman mourning over a deceased warrior (perhaps Eos and Memnon). Shapes are mostly the amphora and other large vessels. Scenes are of the Trojan War along with wedding and funerary iconography. Known findspots include Italy, Sicily, Naukratis, and Athens.
Type: crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Exaleiptron Type B

Definition: The Type B exaleiptron is the later of the two types and is differentiated by its tall, medium-wide stem terminating in a disc-like foot. Authorities do not fully agree on the name of this vase and it is also called ‘plemochoё’ and (incorrectly) ‘kothon.’ For further information on terminology, see 'exaleiptron.'
Type: kon:Shape, skos:Concept

Black-figure White Ground

Definition: The use of white-ground (see White-ground) with the black-figure technique (see Black-figure) was pioneered by the Edinburgh Painter (see Edinburgh Painter) during the late 6th c. BCE. A white slip (see Added White) is applied to the surface of the vase onto which human or animal figures are painted using black-figure. Shapes include the lekythos, oinochoe, and small neck-amphora.
Type: kon:Technique, skos:Concept

Exaleiptron Type A

Definition: The Type A exaleiptron is the earlier of the two types and is differentiated by its shorter, wider flaring foot. Authorities do not fully agree on the name of this vase and it is also called ‘plemochoё’ and (incorrectly) ‘kothon.’ For further information on terminology, see 'exaleiptron.'
Type: kon:Shape, skos:Concept

Clinic Painter

Definition: The Clinic Painter is an Athenian red-figure painter active ca. 470-460 BCE. The name derives from an aryballos (Paris, Louvre CA2183; BAPD 210078) showing a medical scene. Shapes are mainly cups, but also the askos, aryballos, stamnos, and oinochoe. Subjects include Dionysos and followers, revelers (“komasts”), Eros, warriors, youths, men, women, Herakles, and the Embassy to Achilles. Findspots are Adria, Spina, Etruria (Vulci, Chiusi, Orvieto), and Nola.
Type: crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Makron

Definition: Makron is an Athenian red-figure painter active ca. 495-475 BCE. The name derives from a skyphos from Suessula with the signature of Makron as painter (“egrapsen”) and Hieron as potter (“epoiesen”) (Boston, Museum of Fine Arts 13.186; BAPD 204681) showing Paris and Helen on one side and Menelaus and Helen on the other. The main shape is the cup, but also the aryballos, askos, stamnos, oinochoe, plate, and pyxis. Subjects include musicians, revelers (“komasts”), courting, the symposion, Dionysos and followers, a satyr-play, athletes, warriors, centaurs, Herakles, Demeter and Triptolemos, and the Trojan War. Some findspots are Athens (Acropolis, Agora), Etruria (Vulci, Orvieto, Cerveteri, Chiusi, Tarquinia), Adria, sites in southern Italy, and Ampurias (Spain).
Type: crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Chalcidising Cup

Definition: The Chalcidising Cup is a type of cup produced in Athens ca. 520 BCE that copies a shape made in southern Italy. Most feature eyes on the exterior, some with figures (satyrs, Dionysos, warriors), and a gorgoneion in the interior. Their painters are not named. Findspots are in Etruria, the Black Sea, and Attica.
Type: kon:Shape, skos:Concept

Volute Krater

Definition: A krater with volutes that curl over the rim, it is the most elaborate vase of its type. The ancient name is Laconian in origin.
Type: kon:Shape, skos:Concept

Sappho Painter

Definition: The Sappho Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter active in the late 6th and early 5th c. BCE who uses white-ground with black-figure. The name derives from a hydria (Warsaw, National Museum 142333; BAPD 510) in Six’s technique depicting Sappho (inscribed) playing the lyre. Other shapes are the lekythos, column krater, loutrophoros, epinetron, alabastron, mastos, and plaque. Scenes include chariots, Herakles, Athena, and funerary themes. Findspots are Athens (Agora, Kerameikos, Acropolis), Eleusis, Corinth, Vari, Phaleron, and sites in Italy.
Type: crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Nikoxenos Painter

Definition: The Nikoxenos Painter is an Athenian red-figure painter active late 6th to early 5th c. BCE and affiliated with the Leagros Group. The painter also produced black-figure and bilingual vases (see Nikoxenos Painter [black-figure]). The name derives from a Panathenaic amphora from Capua, Italy (Oxford, Mississippi University Museum 1977.3.115; BAPD 202964) with “Nikoxenos kalos” (“Nikoxenos is beautiful”) inscribed on Athena’s shield. Other shapes are the amphora, hydria, and pelike. Subjects include the Death of Priam, Perseus and Medusa, and religion. Findspots are sites in Etruria (Vulci, Tarquinia, Cerveteri), the Athenian Acropolis, Aegina, and Naukratis.
Type: crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Salting Painter

Definition: The Salting Painter is an Athenian red-figure cup painter active ca. 510-500 BCE. The name derives from the previous owner (Walter Salting) of a cup (London, Victoria and Albert Museum C2 496.1910; BAPD 201631) showing an athlete with a discus on the interior. Other scenes include warriors and revelers (“komasts”). Findspots are mainland Greece (Corinth, Atalanti), Etruria, Rome, and Naukratis.
Type: crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Kantharos

Definition: From the Greek word for 'beetle,' the term kantharos is now used conventionally for a drinking cup with two vertical, usually high-swung, handles. The shape, most likley derived from metal vessels, is often shown in the hands of Dionysos, the god of wine. The kantharos has various different forms.
Type: kon:Shape, skos:Concept

Ring Aryballos

Definition: See ring vase.
Type: kon:Shape, skos:Concept

Painter of Berlin A 34

Definition: The Painter of Berlin A 34 (formerly known as the Woman Painter) is an Athenian black-figure painter active ca. 630-620 BCE. The name derives from a fragmentary krater found on Aegina (Berlin, Antikensammlung A 34; BAPD 218722) with a procession of women. The painter is among the first attributed artists of Attic black-figure vase-painting. The main shape is the krater. This painter uses a mix of techniques (outline and black-figure) and a variety of motifs, such as zigzags, dot rosettes, black-and-white patterned rays, and animals on a large scale. Findspots include Athens (Kerameikos, Agora), Aegina, and Vourva.
Type: crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Oinanthe Painter

Definition: The Oinanthe Painter is an Athenian red-figure painter active ca. 470-450 BCE and a member of the Mannerist Group. The name derives from the inscription “Oinanthe kale” (“Oinanthe is beautiful”) on a hydria found at Vulci (London, British Museum E182; BAPD 206695) showing the Birth of Erichthonios. Other shapes are the column krater, pelike, and hydria. Scenes include Theseus and gods and goddesses. Findspots are Norcia (southern Italy) and Vulci.
Type: crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Group of The Negro Alabastra

Definition: The Group of the Negro Alabastra denotes a group of Athenian white-ground vases, decorated with figures in silhouette and outline and produced in the 480’s BCE. The name derives from the shape (alabastron) that is often decorated with African males. Aside from the alabastron, the group also decorated a few plates. Subjects include isolated figures: a draped African male sometimes holding objects, an Amazon, and a Thracian. Some findspots are Boeotia (Thebes, Tanagra), Camiros (Rhodes), Athenian Acropolis, and sites in southern Italy.
Type: crm:E74_Group, skos:Concept

Epitimos

Definition: Attic potter, active 6th century BCE.
Type: crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Painter of Eleusis 767

Definition: The Painter of Eleusis 767 is an Athenian black-figure painter who worked in the first quarter of the 6th c. BCE. The name derives from a tall neck amphora found at Eleusis (Eleusis, Archaeological Museum 767; BAPD 300247) decorated with animals and women. Other findspots are in Athens (Acropolis, Agora).
Type: crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Meidias

Definition: Athenian potter who signed the calpis in the British Museum 'Meidias epoiesen' (made it).
Type: crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Dot-band Class

Definition: The Dot Band Class denotes a group of Athenian black-figure painters of the small neck amphora active late 6th to early 5th c. BCE. The name derives from a band of dots on the neck of the amphora. Attributed to the class are the Edinburgh Painter, Michigan Painter, Leagros Group, Group of Brussels R312, and the Bompas Group. Scenes are of Dionysos and followers, Herakles, warriors, and Amazons. Findspots include sites in Etruria, southern Italy and Sicily, the Athenian Agora, and Rhodes.
Type: crm:E74_Group, skos:Concept

Swan Group

Definition: The Swan Group is a group of Athenian black-figure painters active during the 6th c. BCE. The group is known for decorating miniature vessels. The name derives from the prevalence of black silhouette swans (often upside down) as decoration. Shapes include the pyxis, skyphos, lekanis, plate, oinochoe, phiale, and lebes. Findspots are Athens (Agora, Acropolis, Kerameikos), Attica (Koropi, Eleusis), Tocra (Libya), Syracuse, and Perachora.
Type: crm:E74_Group, skos:Concept

Epinetron

Definition: The term refers to a long, semi-circular cover for the knee and thigh, over which wool was drawn to remove dirt. It is wider at the open end where the thigh is thicker and closed at the narrow end to fit over the knee cap. The top of the epinetron is covered with an incised scale pattern, which produced the necessary roughness when the wool was rubbed against it. The shape is uncommon in black-figure.
Type: kon:Shape, skos:Concept

Psykter Amphora

Definition: The psykter-amphora is a double-walled container whose walls are attached at the neck and at the base, the outer vessel having a spout at the shoulder through which ice or ice water was poured into the space between the two walls. It usually has a drain spout just above the foot, directly below the pour spout. The shape was probably only produced in the 6th c. BCE.
Type: kon:Shape, skos:Concept

Eucharides Painter

Definition: Eucharides Painter is the common nickname of an ancient Greek artist who decorated but did not sign attic vases. Neither his real name, nor the dates of his birth and death are known. Presumably this artist was a pupil of the Nikoxenos painter.
Type: crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Exaleiptron

Definition: The term ‘exaleiptron’ comes from the word meaning ‘to anoint,’ and the shape is a low-lidded bowl with a wide shoulder and high or low foot. It is thought to have held scented water for personal use, for religious ceremonies, and for the grave. Authorities do not fully agree on the name of this vase and it is also called ‘plemochoё’ and (incorrectly) ‘kothon.’ There is a tendency to use the name ‘exaleiptron’ for the stemless version of the vase, in particular for the Corinthian examples, and ‘plemochoё’ for the Athenian high-footed shape, which is also frequently provided with a lid.
Type: kon:Shape, skos:Concept

Lysippides Painter

Definition: The Lysippides Painter is the conventional name Sir John Beazley (1885-1970) applied to the individual who he believed painted the black-figure work of the red-figure painter known as the Andokides Painter (see Andokides Painter [Black-figure]; see Andokides Painter [Red-figure]; see Andokides potter [Black-figure]) (ca. 530-515 BCE). It is still debated as to whether they are two artists with identical style or the same artist working in two techniques. Scholars believe the painter to be a student of Exekias.
Type: crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Pithos

Definition: Pithoi were large, heavy-duty storage jars (Ali Baba jars) used for grain and various other materials. They were also used for interments and were sometimes decorated with reliefs designs. Smaller versions go by the name of the pitharion (pl. pitharia).
Type: kon:Shape, skos:Concept

Painter of Munich 1410

Definition: The Painter of Munich 1410 is an Athenian black-figure painter active in the third quarter of the 6th c. BCE. The name derives from an amphora from Vulci (Munich, Antikensammlungen 1410; BAPD 301593) showing a duel over a fallen warrior. Shapes include several amphora types and the hydria. Scenes include warriors, Amazons, and possibly the wedding of Peleus and Thetis. Known findspots are the Athenian Agora, Vulci, and Orvieto.
Type: crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Elpinikos Painter

Definition: The Elpinikos Painter is an Athenian red-figure cup painter active in the early 5th c. BCE. The name derives from the inscription “Elpinikos kalos” (“Elpinikos is beautiful”) on several examples. Subjects include Menelaus and Helen, the symposion, and youths. Findspots are sites in Etruria (Orvieto, Vulci, Cerveteri).
Type: crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Terracotta

Definition: Most common material of Greek and Roman fired clay vessels.
Type: crm:E57_Material, skos:Concept

Hischylos

Definition: Hischylos was a black-figure Athenian potter, active ca. 530 BCE.
Type: crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

South Italian

Definition: South Italian (including Sicilian) styles of Greek-styled pottery.
Type: kon:Style, skos:Concept

Pithos Painter

Definition: The Pithos Painter is an Athenian red-figure cup painter active at the end of the 6th c. BCE. The name derives from the storage vessel (pithos) represented in several scenes. Subjects include youths, satyrs, warriors, archers, athletes, and the symposion. Findspots are Athens (Agora, Acropolis), Camiros (Rhodes), Chios, Rhitsona, Perachora, Delos, Olynthos, Adria, Gela, Naukratis, Al Mina, sites in Israel, Olbia, and the River Thames (Reading, UK).
Type: crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Palazzolo Painter

Definition: The Palazzolo Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter of Komast cups affiliated with the Komast Group and dated to the 560’s BCE or later. The name derives from a cup found at Akrai, Sicily (Palazzolo; BAPD 305020). Shapes include the Komast cup, Siana cup, and skyphos. The main subject is male revelers ("komasts") dancing alongside females. Findspots include Athens, Sicily, and Naukratis.
Type: crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Dolphin Group

Definition: The Dolphin Group are a group of black-figure painters active in the mid-6th c. BCE. Originally considered to be Athenian, the group has also been associated with Euboea. The name derives from the dolphins on the shoulder of the vessels. The primary shape is the lekythos. Scenes are of animals and floral motifs. Findspots include Athens (Kerameikos, Agora), Ialysos (Rhodes), Cerveteri, and sites in Euboea.
Type: crm:E74_Group, skos:Concept

Akestorides Painter

Definition: The Akestorides Painter is an Athenian red-figure painter active ca. 470-450 BCE. The name (“Akestorides”) is inscribed on a cup from Aegina (New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art 22.139.72; BAPD 209611) showing a boy playing the lyre. The main shape is the cup. Subjects include satyrs and maenads, revelers (“komasts”), athletes, musicians, and draped figures. Findspots are Vulci, Orvieto, Koropi (Attica), Athens, Aegina, and Kerch.
Type: crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Marble

Definition: Marble is a metamorphic rock composed of recrystallized carbonate minerals, most commonly calcite or dolomite. Marble is typically not foliated, although there are exceptions. In geology, the term marble refers to metamorphosed limestone, but its use in stonemasonry more broadly encompasses unmetamorphosed limestone. Marble is commonly used for sculpture and as a building material.
Type: crm:E57_Material, skos:Concept

Polos Painter

Definition: The Polos Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter active ca. 575-565 BCE. The name derives from the cross-hatched crown (“polos”) worn by his female and hybrid figures. Shapes include the lekanis, pyxis, hydria, skyphos, and plate. Findspots include Athens (Agora, Acropolis), Cyrene, Tocra (Libya), Naukratis, and Samos (Heraion).
Type: crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Fish Plate

Definition: A plate with a low foot, an overhanging rim, and a small depression in the centre of its floor for sauce. When figural, it is usually decorated with fish.
Type: kon:Shape, skos:Concept

Stemless Cup

Definition: The stemless cup has a shape like a kylix but with a ring foot, not a stem.
Type: kon:Shape, skos:Concept

Psiax

Definition: Psiax is an Athenian black-figure painter active ca. 525-500 BCE. The painter also works in the red-figure technique (see Psiax [red-figure]) and sometimes paints on white-ground. Formerly known as the Menon Painter, the name Psiax appears alone on black-figure examples, and as painter ("egrapsen") on some red-figure vases. Shapes include the kyathos, amphora, hydria, plates, and the alabastron. Scenes derive from both stock (youths, warriors, women dancing) and myth (Herakles, Dionysos, Amazons). Findspots are sites in Etruria, Xanthos (Turkey), Sicily, and Greece.
Type: crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Matsch Painter

Definition: The Matsch Painter is an Athenian red-figure painter active ca. 480-470 BCE. The name derives from the former collector of a pelike (Pennsylvania, Private Collection; BAPD 202568) showing a man with a staff and a woman with a basket. Other shapes are the neck amphora and column krater. Subjects include Herakles and Geras (“old age”), Dionysos and followers, and warriors. Findspots are Padula (southern Italy) and Cerveteri.
Type: crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Droop Cup

Definition: Named for the scholar who first studied them, Droop cups (pronounced 'Drope') derive their shape from Little Master cups. They have concave black lips marked off more clearly from the body than the Little Master cups, a tall-stemmed foot with a plain fillet and band (sometimes grooved) at the top, and a black toe. There is a broad black band within the hollow foot, in the bowl a reserved band low in the lip, and sometimes a reserved center disc.
Type: kon:Shape, skos:Concept

Nikosthenes Painter

Definition: Athenian red-figure vase-painter whose name is unknown. Nevertheless consistent individual characteristics of style suggest the existence of a unique artistic personality. Beazley called him the Nikosthenes Painter naming him after the potter Nikosthenes who signed some of the vases he decorated.
Type: crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Dish

Definition: The name dish is given to almost any sizeable, shallow bowl.
Type: kon:Shape, skos:Concept

Skyphos

Definition: The skyphos is a deep cup with two horizontal handles at the rim (sometimes one horizontal and one vertical).
Type: kon:Shape, skos:Concept

Kx Painter

Definition: The KX Painter (Komast X) is an Athenian black-figure painter affiliated with the Komast Group and dated to the 570’s BCE. Shapes are the lekanis, kantharos, and skyphos, but exclude the Komast cup. Subjects include male revelers ("komasts"), animals, and hybrid creatures. Major findspots are Samos (Heraion), Athens (Agora, Kerameikos, Acropolis), and Naukratis.
Type: crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

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