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Three-line Group

Definition
The Three-Line Group is a workshop of Athenian black-figure painters active ca. 530-510 BCE. The name derives from the three lines featured between each decorative zone on the body of the vessel. The main shape is the small neck amphora. Scenes include gods and goddesses, Herakles, Amazons, and the Trojan War. Findspots are Etruscan sites, Samos, and Olbia.

Pioneer Group

Definition
The Pioneer Group (or “Pioneers”) is a group of Athenian red-figure painters active ca. 520-500 BCE. The name is associated with artists whose work is related stylistically and who refer to each other by name using inscriptions. Painters identified with the group include Euphronios, Euthymides, Smikros, Phintias, and the Dikaios Painter. Shapes are often large vessels, like the krater, amphora (Type A), hydria, and psykter. Scenes include both myths and daily life: Herakles, the Trojan War, athletes, and the symposion. Some findspots are Vulci, Athens (Agora, Acropolis), Xanthos (Turkey), Gela, and Cyrene.

Class of Top Band Stemless

Definition
The Class of the Top-Band Stemless denotes a group of Athenian black-figure painters active in the late 6th to early 5th c. BCE who decorate the shallow stemless cup. The name derives from the broad black band above the handle zone. Some are eye cups with a gorgoneion in the interior. Subjects include warriors, Dionysos and followers, Theseus and the Minotaur, and animals. Findspots are Vulci and other Etruscan sites, Aegina, Lesbos, and Cyrene.

Chc Group

Definition
The CHC Group is a group of Athenian black-figure painters active late 6th to early 5th c. BCE. The name derives from the prevalence of chariot (CH) and courting (C) scenes. Associated with the group are the Heron Class, Dog Group, and the Group of Thebes R102. The primary shape is the skyphos. In addition to chariot and courting scenes, there are scenes of women dancing, myths, and sphinxes. Findspots include Athens (Agora, Acropolis), Rhitsona, Olbia, Miletus, Oria (Italy), and Corinth.

Group of Würzburg 221

Definition
Attic vase painters, active ca. 480-450 B.C.

Haimon Group

Definition
The Haimon Group is a group of Athenian black-figure painters active in the early decades of the 5th c. BCE. The name derives from the association with the Haimon Painter. Associated with the large output of the group are the Haimon Painter, Pholos Painter, Ure’s Class of Skyphoi K 2, Lancut Group, and the Painter of the Half-Palmettes. The main shapes are the lekythos, skyphos, mastos, and oinochoe. Findspots are Athens (Kerameikos, Agora, Acropolis), Olympia, Tanagra, sites in Italy, Olbia and Berezan, Miletus, and Naukratis.

Phanyllis Group

Definition
The Phanyllis Group is a group of Athenian black-figure painters active at the end of the 6th c. BCE. The name derives from an inscribed lekythos dedicated on Delos to Hera “from Phanyllis” (Delos, Archaeological Museum 548; BAPD 30103) showing Dionysos. Associated with the group are the Group of the Arming Lekythoi and the Group of Hoplite-Leaving-Home. Primarily painters of the lekythos, other shapes connected to the group are the hydria and cups. Scenes are warriors, youths, athletes, Theseus, Herakles, and Dionysos. Findspots are Sicily, sites in Greece (Athens, Corinth, Perachora, Thasos, Rhodes), Adria (Adriatic coast of Italy), Olbia (Black Sea), and Pitane (modern Turkey).

Cock Group

Definition
The Cock Group is a group of Athenian black-figure painters active at the end of the 6th c. BCE. The name derives from the cocks adorning the shoulder of the lekythos, the shape associated with the group. Scenes include myth, warriors, and Dionysos. The primary findspots are Athens, Boeotia, Rhodes, Sicily, and Olbia.

Group of Toronto 305

Definition
The Group of Toronto 305 are a group of Athenian black-figure painters active in the last quarter of the 6th c. BCE. They are considered followers of the Antimenes Painter. The name derives from an amphora (Toronto, Royal Ontario Museum 305; BAPD 320246) featuring Dionysos and Herakles. Decorating mainly the amphora, subjects include warriors, riders, Dionysian scenes, Herakles, and Amazons. Findspots are sites in Etruria and Kerch.

Perizoma Group

Definition
The Perizoma Group is a group of Athenian black-figure painters active from the last quarter of the 6th c. BCE. The name derives from the white loincloth (“perizoma”) worn by athletes and dancers. Shapes include the stamnos, small neck amphora, and one-handled kantharos (an Etruscan shape). Scenes are athletes and the symposion. Findspots include mostly Etruscan sites, with stray finds in Gela and Rhodes.

Tyrrhenian Group

Definition
The Tyrrhenian Group is a group of Athenian black-figure painters active ca. 570-550 BCE who decorate the ovoid neck amphora with human figures and multiple animal friezes. The name derives from the large number of vessels discovered in Etruria (located in Italy along the Tyrrhenian Sea). Painters of the group include the Castellani Painter, the Goltyr Painter, the Guglielmi Painter, the Timiades Painter, and the Kyllenios Painter. Despite some controversy about their place of manufacture, petrographic analysis indicates that the vases were produced in Athens. Many of the vases have “nonsense inscriptions” in Greek. The major finds spots are sites in Etruria, while some have been discovered in Athens (Agora, Acropolis, Kerameikos), Miletus, Ionia (Turkey), Cyrene, and Naukratis.

Oll Group

Definition
The OLL Group (Oxford-Leipzig-Louvre) is a group of Athenian black-figure painters active ca. 565-550 BCE. The group consists of painters of the ovoid neck amphora with mythological subjects and animal friezes. The vases are sometimes included in the Tyrrhenian Group. The incorporation of a large figural frieze distinguishes them from the Tyrrhenian Group. Findspots include Cerveteri, Rhodes, and the Athenian Acropolis.

Class of Athens 581

Definition
The Class of Athens 581 denotes a group of Athenian black-figure painters active in the early 5th c. BCE, who sometimes apply black-figure to white-ground. The name derives from a lekythos (Athens, National Museum 581; BAPD 303599) showing a symposion with Dionysos reclining. The main shape is the lekythos with palmettes, buds, or rays on the shoulder. Connected to the class are the Marathon Painter, Campana Painter, Haimon Painter, the Kalinderu Group, Cock Group, and Group of Brussels A 1311. Findspots include Athens, Perachora, Rhodes, southern Italy, Sicily, and Cyprus.

Leagros Group

Definition
The Leagros Group is a group of black-figure painters active ca. 520-500 BCE. The name derives from the inscription “Leagros kalos” (“Leagros is beautiful”) on several vases. Painters identified with the group include the Acheloos Painter, Chiusi Painter, and Daybreak Painter. Also associated are the Antiope Group, Group of Würzburg 210, and Group of Vatican 424. Several hundred vessels are attributed to the group, including shapes like the neck amphora, hydria, lekythos, krater, and Panathenaic amphora. Favorite scenes of the group are Herakles and the Trojan War, as well as Dionysian themes. Findspots are Vulci and other Etruscan sites, southern Italy and Sicily, and the Athenian Agora.

Class of Vatican G47

Definition
The Class of the Vatican G47 denotes a group of Athenian black-figure painters active late 6th to early 5th c. BCE who decorate oinochoe. The name derives from an oinochoe found at Vulci (Rome, Vatican G47; BAPD 303297) showing a maenad riding a bull. Attributed to the class are the Painter of Oxford 226 and Painter of Oxford 225. Scenes include chariots, Dionysos and followers, warriors, Achilles and Ajax, and Herakles. Findspots are Vulci, Knossos, Amathus (Cyprus), and Corinth.

Medea Group

Definition
The Medea Group decorated vases in the black-figure technique in Athens in the late 500s B.C.

Group E

Definition
Group E is a large group of Athenian black-figure painters active ca. 560-540 BCE. The name derives from a close association to Exekias, who signs a Group E vase as potter ("epoiesen"). Group E painted the pelike, different amphora types, the lekythos, and kraters. Subjects include the Birth of Athena, Herakles, Amazons, Theseus and the Minotaur, as well as athletes, the symposion, and funerary scenes. Findspots are Athens (Acropolis, Agora, Kerameikos), Chalkidike, Vulci, Spina, North Africa, and Russia.

Krokotos Group

Definition
The Krokotos Group is a group of Athenian black-figure painters active at the end of the 6th c. BCE. It includes the Group of Walters 48.42, Durand Painter, and Painter of Munich 2100. The name derives from the added saffron-yellow applied to garments and animals. Shapes include the skyphos, and the imagery pertains to Dionysos. Findspots are Etruria, the Athenian Acropolis, Corinth, Thebes, and Sicily.

Fp Class

Definition
The FP Class is a group of Athenian black-figure cups dated to the late 6th c. BCE and characterized by large palmettes next to the handles. The acronym “FP” stands for “flower palmette.” Scenes include courtship, Theseus and the Minotaur, riders, and dancers. Findspots are in Greece, Sicily, Italy, and Naukratis.

Eye-siren Group

Definition
The Eye-Siren Group is a group of Athenian black-figure painters active ca. 520-500 BCE. They are considered followers of the Antimenes Painter. The name derives from a neck amphora (London, British Museum B215; BAPD 320288) displaying sirens with large eyes on their bodies and showing Peleus and Thetis on one side with Apollo on the other. Though mainly decorating the amphora, including some Panathenaics, other shapes are the hydria and a cup. Subjects include warriors, Herakles, Amazons, and Dionysian scenes. Examples have been discovered in Etruria.

Group of Walters 48.42

Definition
The Group of Walters 48.42 is a group of Athenian black-figure cups produced ca. 530-520 BCE. Considered to be part of the Krokotos Workshop, the name derives from a cup (Baltimore, Walters Art Gallery 48.42; BAPD 302634) showing Dionysos’ head between eyes on the exterior. The group is characterized by Type A cups that feature eyes on the exterior, some with figures (satyrs, maenads, Herakles, Nereus), and a gorgoneion in the interior. Findspots include Vulci, Roselle, Falerii, and Athens.

Segment Class

Definition
The Segment Class is the name assigned to a class of Athenian black-figure cups that have figure decoration covering their whole interior, while their exteriors are black. They date to the last quarter of the 6th c. BCE, and their subjects are mostly Dionysian. Findspots include Athens (Acropolis, Agora), Argos, Italy, Sicily, and the Black Sea.

Keyside Class

Definition
The Keyside Class denotes a group of Athenian black-figure painters active late 6th to early 5th c. BCE. The name derives from two vases (Würzburg, Martin von Wagner Museum 347; BAPD 303245; and Würzburg, Martin von Wagner Museum 345; BAPD 303249) with a key-pattern as a side border. Attributed to the class are the Leagros Group, Group of Vatican G49, Painter of Sèvres 100, and Class of Athens 581. The main shape is the oinochoe. Subjects include Dionysos and followers, Herakles, dancers, the symposion, and Amazon. Findspots are Vulci, other Etruscan sites, and sites in southern Italy and Sicily.

Hypobibazon Class

Definition
The Hypobibazon Class denotes a group of Athenian black-figure vases made around 510 BCE. The name derives from an amphora discovered in the Athenian Kerameikos (Athens, Kerameikos 158; BAPD 301866) showing a warrior about to mount a horse. The shape associated with the class is a belly amphora (Type B) with rounded handles and feet. Painters of this class prefer daily life scenes. Findspots are sites in Athens (Agora, Acropolis, Kerameikos) and Eleusis.

Leafless Group

Definition
The Leafless Group is a group of Athenian black-figure painters active late 6th to early 5th c. BCE. The name derives from the leafless branches added to the scenes. Shapes include kylix cups (Type A, Type B), the kyathos, and mastoid cups. The scenes are mainly Dionysian. Findspots include Turkey (Smyrna, Xanthos, Clazomenae), Athens (Agora, Acropolis), Adria (Adriatic coast of Italy), Olbia, and Camiros (Rhodes).

Bulas Group

Definition
The Bulas Group is a group of Athenian black-figure painters active in the early 4th c. BCE. The group is known for decorating the miniature Panathenaic amphora. The name derives from Casimar Bulas, the scholar who first assembled the group. Scenes are of Athena, athletes, and Eros. Findspots include Greece (Corinth, Eretria, Athens), Amathus (Cyprus), Al Mina (Syria), and Cumae.

Group of The Negro Alabastra

Definition
The Group of the Negro Alabastra denotes a group of Athenian white-ground vases, decorated with figures in silhouette and outline and produced in the 480’s BCE. The name derives from the shape (alabastron) that is often decorated with African males. Aside from the alabastron, the group also decorated a few plates. Subjects include isolated figures: a draped African male sometimes holding objects, an Amazon, and a Thracian. Some findspots are Boeotia (Thebes, Tanagra), Camiros (Rhodes), Athenian Acropolis, and sites in southern Italy.

Dot-band Class

Definition
The Dot Band Class denotes a group of Athenian black-figure painters of the small neck amphora active late 6th to early 5th c. BCE. The name derives from a band of dots on the neck of the amphora. Attributed to the class are the Edinburgh Painter, Michigan Painter, Leagros Group, Group of Brussels R312, and the Bompas Group. Scenes are of Dionysos and followers, Herakles, warriors, and Amazons. Findspots include sites in Etruria, southern Italy and Sicily, the Athenian Agora, and Rhodes.

Swan Group

Definition
The Swan Group is a group of Athenian black-figure painters active during the 6th c. BCE. The group is known for decorating miniature vessels. The name derives from the prevalence of black silhouette swans (often upside down) as decoration. Shapes include the pyxis, skyphos, lekanis, plate, oinochoe, phiale, and lebes. Findspots are Athens (Agora, Acropolis, Kerameikos), Attica (Koropi, Eleusis), Tocra (Libya), Syracuse, and Perachora.

Dolphin Group

Definition
The Dolphin Group are a group of black-figure painters active in the mid-6th c. BCE. Originally considered to be Athenian, the group has also been associated with Euboea. The name derives from the dolphins on the shoulder of the vessels. The primary shape is the lekythos. Scenes are of animals and floral motifs. Findspots include Athens (Kerameikos, Agora), Ialysos (Rhodes), Cerveteri, and sites in Euboea.

Group of Rhodes 12264

Definition
The Group of Rhodes 12264 is a group of Athenian black-figure painters of Little Master cups and other cup shapes active beginning in the mid-6th c. BCE. The name derives from a Droop cup discovered at Camiros, Rhodes (Rhodes, Archaeological Museum 12264; BAPD 302520) showing a fight with a chariot on both sides. Other subjects are fights with chariots, Theseus, animals, and the interiors of stemless cups are decorated with a gorgoneion. Findspots include Xanthos (Turkey), Rhtisona, Rhodes, Samos, Spain, and Italy.

Group of The Courting Cups

Definition
The Group of the Courting Cups is a group of Athenian black-figure eye cups (Type A) dating to the late 6th c. BCE. The name derives from homosexual courting couples shown on the exterior. A gorgoneion is portrayed in the interior. Some examples are attributed to the FP Class. Findspots are Berezan, Vulci, Thebes, Sicily, and Ampurias (Spain).

Group of The Dresden Lekanis

Definition
The Group of the Dresden Lekanis is a group of Athenian black-figure painters active in the first quarter of the 6th c. BCE. The name derives from a lekanis found in Corinth (Dresden, Staatliche Kunstsammlungen, Albertinum ZV 1464; BAPD 300250), showing a male and animals. Some vases are attributed to a single hand (Painter of the Dresden Lekanis), who is thought to have been trained in Attica and later emigrated to Boeotia, becoming identified with the Horse-bird Painter/Group. Shapes include the lekanis, amphora, the skyphos-krater, and chalice. A dinos in the Athenian Agora (P334; BAPD 300278) portrays the Kalydonian Boar Hunt, Funeral Games of Pelias, male revelers (“komasts”), a satyr, and a maenad. Findspots include Athens (Agora, Acropolis), Smyrna, Ampurias, Taranto, and Corinth.

Komast Group

Definition
The Komast Group is a group of Athenian black-figure painters active from ca. 585-570 BCE or later. The name derives from the prevalence of male revelers ("komasts" or “komast dancers”) decorating many vessels. The main shapes are the Komast cup, skyphos, and column krater. Painters include the KX Painter, KY Painter, the Falmouth Painter, and the Palazzolo Painter. Findspots are widespread and include Athens, Naukratis, Taranto, Ampurias, Miletus, and Berezan.

Class of Cabinet Des Medailles 218

Definition
The Class of C.M. 218 denotes a group of Athenian black-figure vases dating from the beginning of the mid-6th c. BCE. The name derives from a neck amphora that is attributed to the Painter of Boston 01.17 found in Cerveteri, now in Paris (Cabinet des Médailles 218), showing Dionysos with Apollo and maenads. The class consists of a variant of the Nikosthenic amphora, including bilingual vases (decorated in two techniques) and two examples in red-figure signed as potter (“epoiesen”) by Pamphaios that are attributed to the painter Oltos. The primary findspot is Cerveteri.

Syriskos Group

Definition
The Syriskos Group is a group of Athenian red-figure painters active ca. 470 BCE and earlier. The main painters are the Copenhagen Painter, the Syriskos Painter, and the P.S. Painter. The group decorates vases of both common and unusual shapes.

Burgon Group

Definition
The Burgon Group is a group of Athenian black-figure painters dated to the second quarter of the 6th c. BCE. Attributed to this group is the first complete Panathenaic amphora, the Burgon Vase (London, British Museum B130; BAPD 300828), named for the scholar who discovered it. Other shapes include the oinochoe, plate, and pyxis. Subjects are daily life and Ajax and Achilles. A pinax (plaque) from Athens represents a scene of prothesis (laying out the body of the deceased). Findspots include Athens, Rhodes, Naukratis, and Brauron.

Group of The Paidikos Alabastra

Definition
The Group of the Paidikos Alabastra is a group of red-figure painters active ca. 520-500 BCE, who decorate a single shape (the alabastron). The name derives from the potter (“epoiesen”) who signs as Paidikos on an alabastron from Eretria (Paris, Louvre CA487; BAPD 200865) showing a youth and a woman. Some white-ground vases assigned to the group are signed “epoiesen” by the potter Pasiades. Painters associated with the group include the Euergides Painter (see Euergides Painter [Red-figure]) and the Pasiades Painter (see Pasiades Painter [Red-figure]). Some findspots are Athens (Acropolis, unspecified sites), Boeotia, Miletus, Delphi, Eretria, Ampurias (Spain), and Bologna.

Pistias Class

Definition
The Pistias Class denotes a group of Athenian black-figure painters active late 6th to early 5th c. BCE, sometimes using white-ground. Several examples have been attributed to the Haimon Painter. Shapes include the footless skyphos (also termed a footed mastos), other versions of the skyphos, cups, and the lekythos. Scenes are revelers (“komasts”), Dionysos and followers, youths, horsemen, and Herakles. Findspots are Athens (Agora, Kerameikos), Rhitsona, Vrastina Kalyvia (Chalkidike), and Etruscan sites (Bologna, Chiusi, Adria).

Altenburg Class

Definition
The Altenburg Class denotes a group of Athenian black-figure painters active late 6th to early 5th c. BCE who mostly decorate the oinochoe. The name derives from an oinochoe from Vulci (Altenburg, Staatliches Lindenau-Museum 203A; BAPD 303211) showing a seated winged female. Attributed to the class are the Painter of Munich 1760 and the Leagros Group. The Altenburg Painter, a 6th c. BCE East Greek vase-painter of Fikellura style vessels, is not connected to this class. Scenes are Athena, Dionysos and followers, and the Struggle for the Delphic Tripod. Aside from Vulci, findspots include other Etruscan sites.

Paseas

Definition
Paseas (sometimes known as the Cerberus Painter) is an Athenian black-figure painter active ca. 525-510 BCE. The painter also painted in red-figure (see Paseas [Red-figure]) and usually painted on white-ground. The name derives from a black-figure pinax (plaque) dedicated on the Athenian Acropolis (Athens, National Museum Acr. 2583; BAPD 301992), inscribed: “one of the paintings of Paseas.” It belongs to a series dedicated to Athena that feature the goddess, in one instance alongside Herakles. Other findspots are the Athenian Agora, Chiusi, Taranto, Vulci, and Cerveteri.

Epidromos Painter

Definition
The Epidromos Painter is an Athenian red-figure cup painter active ca. 510-500 BCE. The name derives from the inscription “Epidromos kalos” (“Epidromos is beautiful”) on several cups. Subjects include the symposion, sacrifice, Dionysos and followers, athletes, warriors, and Herakles. Findspots are sites in Etruria (Cerveteri, Vulci, Chiusi) and Spina.

Affecter

Definition
The Affecter is an Athenian black-figure painter (and possibly potter) active ca. 540-520 BCE. The name derives from the mannerist (i.e. affected) style of the figures. Shapes are various amphora types, including ovoid and Type C, as well as smaller shapes. Subjects include stock iconography (draped, men, warriors, riders, dancers) and myth (Herakles, Theseus). Findspots include Etruria, southern Italy, Naukratis, and Greece.

Thaliarchos Painter

Definition
The Thaliarchos Painter is an Athenian red-figure painter active in the late 6th c. BCE. The name derives from the inscription “Thaliarchos kalos” (“Thaliarchos is beautiful”) on a pyxis lid from Athens (Paris, Petit Palais 382; BAPD 200657) showing a helmet-maker. The pyxis lid is the preferred shape. Other subjects include satyrs, Athena’s head, and a dwarf. Findspots are Athens (Acropolis, unspecified sites), Megara, and Monte Lato (Sicily).

Painter of Vatican 309

Definition
The Painter of Vatican 309 is an Athenian black-figure painter active in the mid-6th c. BCE and is classified as a “companion” to Lydos. The name derives from a neck amphora found in Cerveteri (Rome, Vatican 309; BAPD 300873) featuring animal friezes and a duel. Primarily a painter of the neck amphora, other shapes are plates and column kraters. Subjects include animals, duels, riders, and a few scenes of Herakles and Theseus. Known findspots are Athens, Delos, Etruria, Naukratis, and Histria (Romania).

Tleson

Definition
Tleson (active around 555-535 BCE) was an Athenian potter and perhaps also a vase painter in the black-figure style. He was the son of the famous potter Nearchos and brother of Ergoteles. His workshop apparently produced mostly Little-master cups.

Priam Painter

Definition
The Priam Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter active in the last quarter of the 6th c. BCE. The name derives from a hydria discovered in Etruria (Madrid, Archaeological Museum 10920; BAPD 301795) showing Priam beside a chariot. Shapes are the amphora in different forms and the hydria. Scenes include chariots, Herakles, Dionysos, battles, and hoplites. Findspots are sites in Etruria and Sicily.

Painter of The Nicosia Olpe

Definition
The Painter of the Nicosia Olpe is an Athenian black-figure painter active ca. 500 BCE. The name derives from a vase (Nicosia, Cyprus Museum C 809; BAPD 330183) showing a man, woman, and youth. Other shapes are cups, the lekythos, and small amphora. Scenes include chariots, arming, men with spears, riders, Herakles, Theseus and the Minotaur, Birth of Athena, and Ajax and Cassandra. Findspots are Italy, Sicily, Cyrene, Naukratis, and Greece.

Euaichme Painter

Definition
The Euaichme Painter is an Athenian red-figure painter active ca. 480-460 BCE. The name derives from a cup from Vico Equense (Naples) (Boston, Museum of Fine Arts 01.8097; BAPD 209665) showing Nestor and Euaichme. The main shapes are cups and the skyphos. Subjects include men, women, youths and boys, athletes, the symposion, and the Marriage of Peleus and Thetis. Findspots are Etruria (Vulci, Cerveteri, Chiusi), Bologna, sites in southern Italy and Sicily, Ampurias (Spain), and Kerch.

Fallow Deer Painter

Definition
The Fallow Deer Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter of the Tyrrhenian Group active ca. 560-545/50 BCE. The name derives from the appearance of deer with white spots on their backs on several examples. The primary shape is the ovoid neck amphora. Subjects are Amazons, Gigantomachy, Herakles, Trojan War, and hunting. Findspots are Vulci and Tarquinia.

Polion

Definition
An Attic vase painter active 430-410 B.C.

Apollodoros

Definition
Apollodoros is an Athenian red-figure cup painter active in the late 6th c. BCE. The name derives from the painter (“egrapsen”) who signs as Apollodoros on a fragmentary cup (Rome, Villa Giulia, ex Castle Ashby; BAPD 201006) showing warriors. Other scenes include Dionysos and followers, the symposion, revelers (“komasts”), religion, and Theseus and the Minotaur. Some findspots are sites in Etruria (Cerveteri, Orvieto, Gravisca, Tarquinia, Vulci) and the Athenian Acropolis.

Euphronios

Definition
Euphronios is an Athenian red-figure painter active ca. 520-505 BCE, who signed as both painter (“egrapsen”) and potter (“epoiesen”). Euphronios is considered a member of the Pioneer Group, along with Euthymides, Phintias, and other vase-painters. Shapes connected to the painter are cups, the calyx krater, stamnos, psykter, and pelike. The cup is the main shape connected to the potter. Scenes include Herakles and Antaios, athletes, the symposion, and Amazons. One of the best known works is a krater formerly in the Metropolitan Museum of Art (1972.11.10; BAPD 187) showing the personifications of Sleep (“Hypnos”) and Death (“Thanatos”) carrying Sarpedon from the battlefield at Troy. Some findspots are sites in Etruria (Vulci, Cerveteri, Orvieto, Tarquinia), Athens (Agora, Acropolis), Thasos, and Olbia (Black Sea).

Hischylos Painter

Definition
The Hischylos Painter is an Athenian red-figure cup painter active ca. 525-500 BCE. The name derives from the potter ("epoiesen") who signs as Hischylos on several examples. Other than the cup, shapes include the column krater and bell krater. Subjects are warriors and athletes. Findspots are Vulci, Taranto, and the Athenian Acropolis.

Smikros

Definition
Smikros is an Athenian red-figure painter and part of the Pioneer Group active ca. 510-500 BCE. The name is inscribed as painter (“egrapsen”) on several vases. Shapes include the stamnos, pelike, and psykter. Subjects are the symposion, musicians, Dionysos and satyrs, and the Abduction of Thetis by Peleus. Findspots include Etruria (Todi, Cerveteri, Elea) and Athens (Kerameikos).

Painter of The Paris Gigantomachy

Definition
The Painter of the Paris Gigantomachy is an Athenian red-figure painter active ca. 480-460 BCE. The name derives from a cup found at Vulci (Paris, Cabinet de Médailles 573; BAPD 204546) showing the Gigantomachy on the interior and exterior. Shapes are primarily the cup, but also the lekythos, oinochoe, and neck amphora. Subjects include athletes, revelers (“komasts”), centaurs, satyrs, the symposion, and religion. Some findspots include Adria, Etruria (Vulci, Orvieto, Tarquinia, Cerveteri, Chiusi), Nola, Gela, the Athenian Agora, Tanagra, and Ampurias (Spain).

Carpenter Painter

Definition
The Carpenter Painter is an Athenian red-figure painter active ca. 515-500 BCE. The name derives from a cup found in Chuisi (London, British Museum E23; BAPD 201642) showing a carpenter on its interior. Though primarily a cup painter, a hydria has been attributed to the same painter. Subjects include revelers (“komasts”), the symposion, youths, Herakles, satyrs, and hunting. Findspots are sites in Etruria (Orvieto, Vulci), and a cup “near” the painter stylistically was found in Corinth.

Princeton Painter

Definition
The Princeton Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter active ca. 545-530 BCE and a member of the Princeton Group. The name derives from an amphora with a Panathenaic body found at Nola (Princeton, University Art Museum 169; BAPD 320405) showing a man and a woman in a chariot. Shapes include the belly and neck amphora. Scenes include stock motifs (warriors, draped men) and depictions of Herakles, Theseus, Trojan War scenes, and the Gigantomachy. Large numbers of vases have been found in Vulci, while others come from Greece, Egypt, Cyrene, and Susa (Persia).

Nikon Painter

Definition
The Nikon Painter is an Athenian red-figure painter active ca. 470-450 BCE. The name derives from the inscription “Nikon kalos” or “kalos Nikon” (“Nikon is beautiful”) on several examples. Also attributed to the painter is a white-ground lekythos from Eretria (Brussels, Musées Royaux A1019; BAPD 207607) showing a mistress and maid.

Winchester Painter

Definition
The Winchester Painter is an Athenian red-figure cup painter active ca. 520-500 BCE. The name derives from an eye-cup (Winchester, UK, Winchester College 42; BAPD 200403) showing jumpers on the exterior and a satyr on the interior. Satyrs and athletes appear on other cups. Findspots are Greece and Vulci.

Beldam Painter

Definition
The Beldam Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter active in the second quarter of the 5th c. BCE, who also uses added white and white-ground. The name derives from a lekythos found in Eretria (Athens, National Museum 1129; BAPD 352144) showing satyrs torturing a woman described by Emilie Haspels (1894-1980) as a “beldam.” The main shape is the lekythos of different types, including the “chimney lekythos” and pattern lekythos, the skyphos, alabastron, kantharos, and bell krater. Scenes include Amazons, centaurs, satyrs, and maenads. Findspots are Athens (Kerameikos, Agora) and Attica, Corinth, Eretria, Perachora, Boeotia, Argos, Olympia, sites in Italy and Sicily, Ampurias (Spain), the Black Sea, and Pitane (modern Turkey).

Ky Painter

Definition
The KY Painter (Komast Y) is an Athenian black-figure painter affiliated with the Komast Group and dated to the 570’s and 560’s BCE. Shapes include the Komast cup, skyphos, lekanis, and column krater. The main subject is male revelers ("komasts"). Komast cups attributed to the painter have been discovered in the Greek mainland and were widely distributed around the Mediterranean and the Black Sea.

Nikoxenos Painter

Definition
The Nikoxenos Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter, affiliated with the Leagros Group, active late 6th and early 5th c. BCE. The painter also produced red-figure and bilingual vases (see Nikoxenos Painter [red-figure]). The name derives from a Panathenaic amphora from Capua, Italy (Oxford, Mississippi University Museum 1977.3.115; BAPD 202964) with “Nikoxenos kalos” (“Nikoxenos is beautiful”) inscribed on Athena’s shield. Black-figure shapes include the neck amphora, hydria, and pelike. Scenes are of Dionysos, Athena, Herakles and Amazons, soldiers arming, the fountain-house, Perseus and Medusa, and the Judgment of Paris. Findspots are Etruria, southern Italy, Athens, Marathon, and northern Greece.

Nikosthenes

Definition
Nikosthenes is an Athenian potter active ca. 540-510 BCE. Signing a large number of vases as potter ("epoiesen"), Nikosthenes is associated with Painter N and several other painters. Shapes include the Nikosthenic amphora (based on an Etruscan shape), Nikosthenic pyxis, kyathos-dipper, skyphos, and psykter. Subjects include satyrs, Dionysos, warriors, revelers ("komasts"), athletes, riders, and scenes with Athena. Most examples have been discovered in Etruria.

Goltyr Painter

Definition
The Goltyr Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter of the Tyrrhenian Group dated ca. 565-550 BCE. The name derives from an amphora (Poland, Warsaw Archaeological Museum 142445; BAPD 310103) showing a komos. It is a contraction of two words: “Goluchow”, the former collection in Poland, and “Tyrrhenian”.The primary shape is the ovoid neck amphora. Scenes depict centaurs, Amazons, warriors, hunting, and male revelers ("komasts"). Findspots include Vulci and Cerveteri.

Bowdoin-eye Painter

Definition
The Bowdoin-Eye Painter is an Athenian red-figure cup painter active ca. 520-500 BCE who painted bilingual cups (black-figure interior, red-figure exterior). The name derives from a cup from Cerveteri (Brunswick, Maine, Bowdoin College 1913.2; BAPD 200369) showing athletes on the exterior and interior. Other subjects are warriors, satyrs and maenads, and revelers (“komasts”). Findspots include sites in Etruria (Vulci, Roselle), the Athenian Acropolis, and Olbia (Black Sea).

Oionokles Painter

Definition
The Oionokles Painter is an Athenian red-figure painter active ca. 480-470 BCE. The name derives from the inscription “Oionokles kalos” (“Oionokles is beautiful”) on several examples. Shapes are the neck amphora, lekythos, loutrophoros, and column krater. Subjects include Dionysos and followers, revelers (“komasts”), warriors, Eos and Tithonos, the Death of Orpheus, Theseus, and musicians. Findspots are Vulci, sites in southern Italy and Sicily, Rheneia (Delos), Anavysos (Attica), and Athens.

Villa Giulia Painter

Definition
An Athenian red figure painter whose name is unknown. He is named for the location of one of his vases.

Timokrates Painter

Definition
The Timokrates Painter decorated vases in the white-ground technique in Athens from about 470 to 460 B.C.

Pig Painter

Definition
The Pig Painter is an Athenian red-figure painter active ca. 470-450 BCE and a member of the Mannerist Group. The name derives from a pelike (Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Museum 9.17; BAPD 206456) showing men and pigs. Other shapes are the column-krater, hydria, and neck amphora. Subjects include Dionysos and followers, the symposion, revelers (“komasts”), athletes, and Theseus. Some findspots are the Athenian Agora, Corinth, Olympia, Camiros (Rhodes), sites in southern Italy and Sicily, Naukratis, and Kerch.

Colmar Painter

Definition
The Colmar Painter is an Athenian red-figure cup painter active ca. 505-480 BCE. The name derives from a cup (Colmar, Musée d’Unterlinden 48; BAPD 203691) showing athletes. The painter also decorated a rhyton in the shape of a donkey’s head. Subjects include athletes, warriors, Herakles, Theseus, the symposion, satyrs, and male revelers (“komasts”). Findspots are Athens (Acropolis, Agora), sites in Etruria (Vulci, Orvieto, Tarquinia, Chuisi), and Ampurias (Spain).

Bucci Painter

Definition
The Bucci Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter active in the late 6th c. BCE. The name derives from an amphora formerly in a private collection (now New Orleans, Isaac Delgado Museum of Art 2033 [16.38]; 301635) showing Herakles and Hermes between columns. Mainly a painter of the amphora, subjects include chariots, youths, departures, and Herakles. Findspots are Vulci, Taranto, and Kamiros (Rhodes).

Pan Painter

Definition
The Pan Painter is an Athenian red-figure vase-painter active ca. 490/80-450 BCE and a member of the Mannerist Group. The name derives from a bell krater discovered in Cumae (Boston, Museum of Fine Arts 10.185; BAPD 206276 ) showing Pan and a shepherd on one side and the Death of Aktaion on the other. Other shapes are kraters of different types, the amphora in different forms, the pelike, stamnos, lebes gamikos, loutrophoros, hydria, lekythos, alabastron, skyphos, and cups. Scenes include Nike, Dionysos and followers, gods and goddesses, Herakles and Busiris, Eos and Kephalos, Achilles, warriors, revelers (“komasts”), hunting, fishing, and funerary scenes. Some findspots are Athens (Acropolis, Agora, Kerameikos), Etruria (Cerveteri, Vulci), and sites in southern Italy and Sicily.

Phrynos Painter

Definition
The Phrynos Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter of Little Master cups active ca. 560-540 BCE. The name derives from vases signed as potter ("epoiesen") by Phrynos, and it is uncertain if the painter and potter are the same person. Subjects include the Birth of Athena, Herakles, Bellerophon, Pegasos, and warriors. Findspots are Italy, Egypt, and the Athenian Agora.

Bmn Painter

Definition
The BMN Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter active ca. 550-510 BCE, who worked with the potter Nikosthenes. The acronym derives from “British Museum Nikosthenes” and refers to a neck amphora from Agrigento with Nikosthenes signed as potter ("epoiesen") (London, British Museum B295; BAPD 302838). The painter decorated the amphora and Little Master cups, as well the hydria and oinochoe. Subjects are youths, athletes, warriors, Theseus and the Minotaur, and Herakles. Known findspots are in Etruria, Sicily, and Greece.

Prometheus Painter

Definition
The Prometheus Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter of the Tyrrhenian Group active ca. 570-555 BCE. The name derives from an amphora (Florence, Archaeological Museum 76359; BAPD 310028) showing Herakles freeing Prometheus. Shapes are the neck amphora, hydria, and column krater. Subjects include Herakles/Amazons, Trojan War, and Birth of Athena. Findspots include Etruria, Clazomenae, Cyrene, and the Athenian Agora.

Kleitias

Definition
Kleitias is an Athenian black-figure painter active ca. 575-550 BCE who signs his name as painter (“egrapsen”). His best-known work is a volute-krater known as the François Vase, which was found in Chuisi (Etruria) and is now in Florence (Archaeological Museum 4209; BAPD 300000).It displays a series of mythological scenes and a large number of inscriptions. Other vases attributed to the painter portray Odysseus, warriors, Amazons, dancing youths, and maidens. Other shapes include the Siana cup, Little Master cup, skyphos, and hydria. Findspots include Athens (Acropolis, Agora), Samos (Heraion), Naukratis, Etruria, and Cyrene.

Shuvalov Painter

Definition
The Shuvalov Painter was an Attic vase painter of the red-figure style, active between 440 and 410 BC, i.e. in the High Classical period (Parthenon period). The Shuvalov painter's conventional name was allocated by John Beazley, who chose for a name vase an amphora that is now at the Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg.

Bareiss Painter

Definition
A late-sixth century B.C. Athenian black figure vase painter, probably part of the workshop known as the Medea Group.

Copenhagen Painter

Definition
The Copenhagen Painter is an Athenian red-figure painter connected to the Syriskos Group, active ca. 470’s BCE and earlier. The name derives from an amphora (Type B) from Vulci (Copenhagen, National Museum 125 [320]; BAPD 202920) showing an African youth with a basket. The Copenhagen Painter’s style is closely related to that of the Syriskos Painter and the two painters are sometimes hard to distinguish. Shapes are the stamnos, pelike, hydria, and krater. Subjects include the Tyrannicides, the Struggle for the Delphic Tripod, Herakles, Theseus and the Minotaur, Medea and Jason, and the symposion. Some findspots are Vulci, Nola, Athens (Acropolis, Agora), and Eleusis.

Anagyrus Painter

Definition
The Anagyrus Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter dated to the first quarter of the 6th c. BCE. The name derives from the ancient name for Vari (Attica), where many vases have been found. Shapes include the amphora, oinochoe, chalice, and plate. Other findspots include Spata (Attica) and the Athenian Agora.

Troilos Painter

Definition
The Troilos Painter is an Athenian red-figure painter active ca. 470-460 BCE who painted using black-figure. The name derives from a hydria from Vulci (London, British Museum 99.7-21.4; BAPD 203082) showing Troilos and Polyxena. Shapes are the amphora, stamnos, pelike, calyx krater, hydria, and lekythos. Subjects include the Struggle for the Delphic Tripod, gods and goddesses, Herakles and Busiris, the Death of Orpheus, the Gigantomachy, and athletes. Some findspots are Etruria (Vulci, Cerveteri), Orvieto, Nola, and Duvanlij (Thrace).

Andokides Painter (black-figure)

Definition
The Andokides Painter (sometimes referred to as the Lysippides Painter [Red-figure]) is an Athenian black-figure painter active during the second half of the 6th c. BCE. The name derives from vases signed by Andokides as potter ("epoiesen"). Though known for using the black-figure technique, the painter is also considered the first to regularly work in the red-figure technique after its invention ca. 530-520 BCE (see Andokides Painter [Red-figure]). As a black-figure vase-painter, the artist is best known for bilingual vases (decorated with the same scene on both sides, one in red-figure and the other in black-figure). It remains unclear whether the bilingual vases were painted by a single artist or by two. Shapes are mainly the amphora and cups, and scenes are mythological (Ajax and Achilles, Herakles, Dionysos). Findspots are Vulci, Orvieto, other sites in Italy, and the Athenian Acropolis.

Harrow Painter

Definition
The Harrow Painter is an Athenian red-figure painter active ca. 480-460 BCE. The name derives from an oinochoe (Harrow, UK, Harrow School Museum 56; BAPD 202673) showing a boy with a hoop. Other shapes include a wide range of pots: the neck amphora, pelike, stamnos, column krater, and hydria. Subjects include generic scenes (youths, men, women), Dionysos and followers, gods and goddesses, Theseus, Herakles, centaurs, the symposion, and Capture of Silenos. Some findspots are Athens (Acropolis, Agora), Etruria (Vulci, Cerveteri), Nola, Falerii, sites in Sicily, Gordion, Kerch, and Bourges (France).

Nikosthenes Painter

Definition
The Nikosthenes Painter (also known as the Painter of Sleep and Death) is an Athenian red-figure painter active ca. 510-500 BCE. The name derives from the potter ("epoiesen") who signs as Nikosthenes on several examples (see Nikosthenes [Black-figure]). Shapes are cups, the skyphos, kantharos, pyxis, and neck amphora. Subjects include athletes, satyrs and maenads, revelers (“komasts”), warriors, Herakles, Hermes and cattle, and Odysseus under the ram. Some findspots are Etruria (Cerveteri, Vulci, Gravisca, Orvieto, Tarquinia), Athens (Acropolis, Agora), Naukratis, Clazomenae, Marseille, and Leuke (Black Sea).

Hypsis

Definition
Hypsis is an Athenian red-figure painter and part of the Pioneer Group active ca. 510 BCE. The name is inscribed as painter (“egrapsen”) on a hydria from Vulci (Munich, Antikensammlungen 2423; BAPD 200170) showing Amazons. The preferred shape is the hydria. Another subject includes women at a fountain house. The vases have been found at Vulci.

Bellerophon Painter

Definition
The Bellerophon Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter active ca. 630-600 BCE. On two examples of the neck amphora, Bellerophon and the chimera are shown, giving the painter its name. Findspots include Vari and Etruria.

Antimenes Painter

Definition
The Antimenes Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter active ca. 530-510 BCE. The name derives from the inscription “kalos Antimenes” (“Antimenes is beautiful”) appearing on a hydria from Vulci (Leiden, (Rijksmuseum II167 [PC63]; BAPD 320011) showing men washing in a fountain-house. Shapes are mostly the hydria and neck amphora. The painter has a wide range of mythological scenes, including Herakles, Dionysos, Amazons, Theseus and the Minotaur, and the Gigantomachy, as well as everyday scenes of the fountain-house and olive picking. Most examples have been discovered in Vulci and Tarquinia.

Triptolemos Painter

Definition
The Triptolemos Painter is an Athenian red-figure painter (and perhaps potter) active ca. 480-470 BCE. The name derives from a stamnos found at Vulci (Paris, Louvre G187; BAPD 203793) showing Triptolemos, Demeter, and Persephone on one side. Shapes are kraters, the stamnos, amphora, oinochoe, pelike, hydria, alabastron, skyphos, and cup (kylix). Subjects include athletes, warriors, revelers (“komasts”), the symposion, erotic scenes, religion, Dionysos and followers, musicians, Herakles, and Theseus. Some findspots are Adria, Etruria (Cerveteri, Orvieto, Tarquinia, Vulci), sites in southern Italy and Sicily, Athens (Agora, Acropolis), Rheneia (Delos), and Berezan.

Pheidippos

Definition
Pheidippos is an Athenian red-figure painter active ca. 525-515 BCE who mainly painted bilingual cups (black-figure interior, red-figure exterior). The name is inscribed as painter (“egrapsen”) on an eye-cup from Vulci (London, British Museum E6; BAPD 200378) showing athletes. The painter collaborated with the potter Hischylos (see Hischylos Painter [Red-figure]). Other subjects are warriors, riders, Dionysos, and revelers (“komasts”). The only known findspot is Vulci.

Skythes

Definition
Skythes is an Athenian red-figure cup painter active ca. 520-505 BCE who painted bilingual cups (black-figure with coral red exterior, red-figure interior). The name Skythes (“the Scythian”) is inscribed as painter (“egrapsen”) on several vases. Subjects include Herakles, Theseus, athletes, revelers (“komasts”), Dionysos and followers, and warriors. Findspots are Athens (Acropolis, Agora), Boeotia, Aegina, and sites in Etruria (Vulci, Cerveteri, Chiusi, Gravisca).

Leningrad Painter

Definition
The Leningrad Painter is an Athenian red-figure painter active ca. 470-450 BCE and a member of the Mannerist Group. The name derives from an amphora (Type B) discovered in south Russia (St. Petersburg, State Hermitage Museum B2228; BAPD 206561) showing a musician (kitharode) with listeners. Shapes are kraters, the pelike, the amphora in different forms, and hydria. Scenes include Dionysos and followers, worship of Dionysos, a satyr-play, the symposion, revelers (“komasts”), musicians, athletes, warriors, Herakles, centaurs, and Helios. A rare scene of vases being decorated is shown on a hydria from Ruvo (Vicenza, Banca Intesa 2; BAPD 206564). Some findspots are Bologna, Etruria (Vulci, Cerveteri), sites in southern Italy and Sicily, Corinth, the Athenian Agora, Rheneia (Delos), Camiros (Rhodes), Al Mina, Aspendos (Turkey), and Naukratis.

Antidoros

Definition
Antidoros in an Athenian black-figure potter of Little Master cups active beginning in the mid-6th c. BCE. The name derives from vases signed as potter ("epoiesen") by Antidoros. Andidoros may have worked with more than one painter. Subjects include Pygmies and cranes, hunting, and chariots. Examples have been found in Taranto.

Chaire Painter

Definition
A red-figure vase painter active in the early Archaic period; he specialized in the decoration of cups.

Painter of Munich 2413

Definition
The Painter of Munich 2413 is an Athenian red-figure painter active ca. 460 BCE. The name derives from a stamnos found at Vulci (Munich, Staatliche Antikensammlungen 2413; BAPD 205571) showing the Birth of Erichthonios. An oinochoe from the Athenian Agora (P11810; BAPD 205573) shows actors dressing.

Timiades Painter

Definition
The Timiades Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter of the Tyrrhenian Group active ca. 565-550 BCE and prolific painter of the ovoid neck amphora. The name derives from an amphora discovered in Vulci (Boston 98.916; BAPD 310045) showing a Greek warrior, whose name is inscribed “Timiades,” fighting Amazons. Scenes include male revelers ("komasts"), satyrs, erotic scenes, Trojan War, and Herakles/Amazons. Findspots include Etruria, Clazomenae, and Tharros (Sardinia).

Ambrosios Painter

Definition
The Ambrosios Painter is an Athenian red-figure cup painter active ca. 510-500 BCE. The name derives from the appellation “Ambrosios'' inscribed on the interior of a cup (Orvieto, Museo Civico, Faina 62; BAPD 201580) showing warriors and athletes on the exterior and a reveler (“komast”) on the interior. Subjects include Dionysos and followers, Nessos and Deianira, the symposion, Herakles, athletes, fishing, and hunting. Findspots include sites in Etruria (Orvieto, Cerveteri, Vulci, Gravisca), Athens (Acropolis, Agora), and Naukratis.

Gela Painter

Definition
The Gela Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter active during the late 6th and early 5th c. BCE, who sometimes applies black-figure to white-ground. The name derives from vases discovered at Gela in southern Sicily. Shapes are the lekythos, olpe, and oinochoe. Scenes are Dionysian, Herakles, the symposion, warriors, and athletes. Many vases have been discovered in the western Greek colonies.

Dikaios Painter

Definition
The Dikaios Painter is an Athenian red-figure painter and part of the Pioneer Group active in the late 6th c. BCE. A few Athenian black-figure vases have also been attributed to this painter. The name derives from the inscription “Dikaios kalos” (“Dikaios is beautiful”) on an amphora decorated with youths and warriors (Paris, Louvre G45; BAPD 200167). Shapes are the hydria, amphora, and krater. Other scenes include the Struggle for the Delphic Tripod, erotic scenes, and dance. Findspots are Etruria (Vulci, Orvieto, Tarquinia, Bologna), the Athenian Acropolis, Xanthos (Turkey), and Agrigento.

Sosias Painter

Definition
The Sosias Painter is an Athenian red-figure painter and part of the Pioneer Group active ca. 510-500 BCE. The name derives from the potter ("epoiesen") who signs as Sosias on a cup from Vulci (Berlin, Antikensammlung F2278; BAPD 200108) showing Achilles and Patroklos on the interior and the introduction of Herakles to Olympus on the exterior. Shapes are stands, plates, and cups. Other scenes include a winged female and a satyr. Another findspot is the Athenian Acropolis.
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