Exekias is an Athenian potter ("epoiesen") and painter ("egrapsen") active from ca. 545-530 BCE. The painter’s work is generally
considered to represent the apex of the black-figure technique, characterized by elegant draughtsmanship and intricately detailed
ornamentation. Closely associated with Group E, Exekias mainly decorates the amphora, but also the pinax (plaque) and cups.
Among his best known works are Ajax and Achilles, Achilles and Penthesilea, the Suicide of Ajax, and Dionysos reclining in
a boat in possible reference to a Homeric Hymn. The plaques depict scenes connected to the funeral and perhaps lined the inside
of the tomb. Main findspots are Athens (Acropolis, Agora), Italy (mostly Etruria), as well as Samos, Miletos, Berezan, and
Cyrene.
Hermogenes is an Athenian black-figure potter of Little Master cups active ca. 560-540 BCE. The name derives from vases signed
as potter ("epoiesen") by Hermogenes, and it is possible the potter and painter may be one in the same. The potter specialized
in lip-cups, many of which depict female heads in outline. Some band-cups are decorated with a warrior on a chariot and may
be the work of a seperate painter. Findspots include Italy, Sicily, the Athenian Agora, and Miletos.
The Swing Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter active ca. 540-520 BCE. The name derives from an amphora (Boston, Museum
of Fine Arts 98.918; BAPD 301521) showing a woman on a swing. Shapes are different amphora types, including the Panathenaic
amphora. Scenes include both myth and everyday life: Herakles, Gigantomachy, centaurs, Amazons, Dionysos, warriors, riders,
athletes, and revelers ("komasts"). Many vases have been found in Etruria, as well as Greece, Sicily, Cyrene, and Miletos.
The Andokides Painter (sometimes referred to as the Lysippides Painter) is an Athenian red-figure painter active during the
second half of the 6th c. BCE. The name derives from vases signed by Andokides as potter ("epoiesen"). Though known for using
the black-figure technique, the painter is also considered the first to work regularly in the red-figure technique after its
invention ca. 530-520 BCE (see Andokides Painter [Black-figure]; for the potter, see Andokides [Black-figure]; see Lysippides
Painter [Black-figure]). As a red-figure vase-painter, the artist is best known for bilingual vases (decorated with the same
scene on both sides: one in red-figure and the other in black-figure). It remains unclear whether the bilingual vases were
painted by a single artist or by two. Shapes are mainly the amphora and cups, and scenes are mythological (Ajax and Achilles,
Herakles, Dionysos). Findspots include Vulci, Orvieto, other sites in Italy, Athens (Acropolis, Agora), and Perachora.
The Andokides Painter (sometimes referred to as the Lysippides Painter [Red-figure]) is an Athenian black-figure painter active
during the second half of the 6th c. BCE. The name derives from vases signed by Andokides as potter ("epoiesen"). Though known
for using the black-figure technique, the painter is also considered the first to regularly work in the red-figure technique
after its invention ca. 530-520 BCE (see Andokides Painter [Red-figure]). As a black-figure vase-painter, the artist is best
known for bilingual vases (decorated with the same scene on both sides, one in red-figure and the other in black-figure).
It remains unclear whether the bilingual vases were painted by a single artist or by two. Shapes are mainly the amphora and
cups, and scenes are mythological (Ajax and Achilles, Herakles, Dionysos). Findspots are Vulci, Orvieto, other sites in Italy,
and the Athenian Acropolis.
Psiax is an Athenian black-figure painter active ca. 525-500 BCE. The painter also works in the red-figure technique (see
Psiax [red-figure]) and sometimes paints on white-ground. Formerly known as the Menon Painter, the name Psiax appears alone
on black-figure examples, and as painter ("egrapsen") on some red-figure vases. Shapes include the kyathos, amphora, hydria,
plates, and the alabastron. Scenes derive from both stock (youths, warriors, women dancing) and myth (Herakles, Dionysos,
Amazons). Findspots are sites in Etruria, Xanthos (Turkey), Sicily, and Greece.
Psiax is an Athenian red-figure painter active ca. 525-500 BCE, who also worked in the black-figure technique (see Psiax [Black-figure])
and sometimes painted on white-ground. Formerly known as the Menon Painter, Psiax signs as painter ("egrapsen") on some red-figure
vases or simply as “Psiax” in black-figure. Shapes include cups, the amphora, alabastron, and mastoid. Scenes derive from
both stock (youths, warriors, women dancing) and myth (Herakles, Dionysos, Amazons). Findspots include the Athenian Acropolis,
sites in Etruria, and Kerch.
The Painter of Berlin A 34 (formerly known as the Woman Painter) is an Athenian black-figure painter active ca. 630-620 BCE.
The name derives from a fragmentary krater found on Aegina (Berlin, Antikensammlung A 34; BAPD 218722) with a procession of
women. The painter is among the first attributed artists of Attic black-figure vase-painting. The main shape is the krater.
This painter uses a mix of techniques (outline and black-figure) and a variety of motifs, such as zigzags, dot rosettes, black-and-white
patterned rays, and animals on a large scale. Findspots include Athens (Kerameikos, Agora), Aegina, and Vourva.
The Gorgon Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter who was active ca. 600-580 BCE. The name derives from a dinos (Paris,
Louvre E874; BAPD 300055) showing Perseus and Gorgons. Other shapes include the oinochoe, lekythos, amphora, and the olpe.
In addition to large animals, there are scenes of myth (Herakles, Hermes, centaurs). Findspots are Athens (Agora, Acropolis),
Naukratis, Heraion, Vari, and Cortona (Italy).
The Cerameicus Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter active ca. 600-570 BCE. The name derives from vases found in the
Athenian Kerameikos. Shapes include the lekanis, oinochoe, skyphos, and loutrophoros. The decoration focuses on animals with
the occasional human. Findspots include Athens, Attica, Samos, Naukratis, and Cumae (Italy).
The Piraeus Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter active ca. 620-600 BCE, who painted the amphora. The name derives
from a neck amphora found in Piraeus (Athens, National Museum 353; BAPD 300012) showing chariots. Findspots include Athens
and Piraeus.
The Bellerophon Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter active ca. 630-600 BCE. On two examples of the neck amphora, Bellerophon
and the chimera are shown, giving the painter its name. Findspots include Vari and Etruria.
The Lion Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter active ca. 630-600 BCE. On examples of the neck amphora, there are lions,
boars, birds, and hybrid creatures. The major findspot is Vari.
The Castellani Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter of the Tyrrhenian Group active ca. 560-550/45 BCE. The name derives
from an amphora formerly in the Castellani collection (Rome, Villa Giulia 50652; BAPD 310041) showing Amazons on one side
and centaurs on the other. The primary shape is the ovoid neck amphora. Vases portray the symposion, Herakles/Amazons, weddings,
male revelers ("komasts"), satyrs and maenads, erotic scences, and fights. Findspots include sites in Etruria (Cerveteri,
Vulci, Tarquinia).
The Goltyr Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter of the Tyrrhenian Group dated ca. 565-550 BCE. The name derives from
an amphora (Poland, Warsaw Archaeological Museum 142445; BAPD 310103) showing a komos. It is a contraction of two words: “Goluchow”,
the former collection in Poland, and “Tyrrhenian”.The primary shape is the ovoid neck amphora. Scenes depict centaurs, Amazons,
warriors, hunting, and male revelers ("komasts"). Findspots include Vulci and Cerveteri.
The Timiades Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter of the Tyrrhenian Group active ca. 565-550 BCE and prolific painter
of the ovoid neck amphora. The name derives from an amphora discovered in Vulci (Boston 98.916; BAPD 310045) showing a Greek
warrior, whose name is inscribed “Timiades,” fighting Amazons. Scenes include male revelers ("komasts"), satyrs, erotic scenes,
Trojan War, and Herakles/Amazons. Findspots include Etruria, Clazomenae, and Tharros (Sardinia).
The Kyllenios Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter of the Tyrrhenian Group dated ca. 560-550 BCE and a painter of the
ovoid neck amphora. The name derives from a vase found in Cerveteri (Berlin, Antikensammlung F1704; BAPD 310014) featuring
the Birth of Athena and the inscription: “I am Hermes of Kyllene.” Other subjects are Herakles, centaurs, Amazons, the Kalydonian
Boar Hunt, athletes, and the Gigantomachy. The main findspot is Cerveteri.
The KX Painter (Komast X) is an Athenian black-figure painter affiliated with the Komast Group and dated to the 570’s BCE.
Shapes are the lekanis, kantharos, and skyphos, but exclude the Komast cup. Subjects include male revelers ("komasts"), animals,
and hybrid creatures. Major findspots are Samos (Heraion), Athens (Agora, Kerameikos, Acropolis), and Naukratis.
The KY Painter (Komast Y) is an Athenian black-figure painter affiliated with the Komast Group and dated to the 570’s and
560’s BCE. Shapes include the Komast cup, skyphos, lekanis, and column krater. The main subject is male revelers ("komasts").
Komast cups attributed to the painter have been discovered in the Greek mainland and were widely distributed around the Mediterranean
and the Black Sea.
The Palazzolo Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter of Komast cups affiliated with the Komast Group and dated to the
560’s BCE or later. The name derives from a cup found at Akrai, Sicily (Palazzolo; BAPD 305020). Shapes include the Komast
cup, Siana cup, and skyphos. The main subject is male revelers ("komasts") dancing alongside females. Findspots include Athens,
Sicily, and Naukratis.
The Falmouth Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter affiliated with the Komast Group and dated to the 560’s BCE or later.
The name derives from a cup formerly in Falmouth, England (BAPD 305012). Shapes include Komast cups depicting male revelers
("komasts"). Most of the findspots are outside of Greece.
The Prometheus Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter of the Tyrrhenian Group active ca. 570-555 BCE. The name derives
from an amphora (Florence, Archaeological Museum 76359; BAPD 310028) showing Herakles freeing Prometheus. Shapes are the neck
amphora, hydria, and column krater. Subjects include Herakles/Amazons, Trojan War, and Birth of Athena. Findspots include
Etruria, Clazomenae, Cyrene, and the Athenian Agora.
Sophilos is an Athenian black-figure painter active ca. 580-570 BCE, who signs vases as both painter (“egrapsen”) and potter
(“epoiesen”). The name derives from a signed dinos (London, British Museum 1971.1101.1; BAPD 350099) showing the Marriage
of Peleus and Thetis. Shapes include the dinos (or lebes), column krater, lekanis, and amphora. Other subjects include the
Kalydonian Boar Hunt, Funeral Games of Patroklos, Helen and Menelaus, Herakles, and centaurs. Findspots include Athens (Acropolis,
Agora, Kerameikos), Aegina, Naukratis, Smyrna, Sardis, and Sicily.
The Painter of Athens 533 is an Athenian black-figure painter active ca. 575-555 BCE. The name derives from a cup found in
Athens (Athens, National Museum 533; BAPD 300611) showing males and animals. Shapes include the cup, lekythos, and Siana cup.
The painter may be the first to decorate the inside tondo of the cup. Subjects are dancers, warriors, and animals. Findspots
include Turkey (Miletus, Pitane, Gordion), Sicily, Marseilles, and Rhitsona.
The Guglielmi Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter, or group of painters (Guglielmi Group) associated with the Tyrrhenian
Group, active ca. 560-545/50 BCE. The name derives from an amphora formerly in the Guglielmi collection (Rome, Vatican 34526;
BAPD 310055) showing Amazons and warriors. Shapes include the ovoid neck amphora and the hydria. Subjects include male revelers
("komasts"), Trojan War battles, Amazons, and centaurs. Vulci is the primary findspot.
The Polos Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter active ca. 575-565 BCE. The name derives from the cross-hatched crown
(“polos”) worn by his female and hybrid figures. Shapes include the lekanis, pyxis, hydria, skyphos, and plate. Findspots
include Athens (Agora, Acropolis), Cyrene, Tocra (Libya), Naukratis, and Samos (Heraion).
The Fallow Deer Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter of the Tyrrhenian Group active ca. 560-545/50 BCE. The name derives
from the appearance of deer with white spots on their backs on several examples. The primary shape is the ovoid neck amphora.
Subjects are Amazons, Gigantomachy, Herakles, Trojan War, and hunting. Findspots are Vulci and Tarquinia.
The Anagyrus Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter dated to the first quarter of the 6th c. BCE. The name derives from
the ancient name for Vari (Attica), where many vases have been found. Shapes include the amphora, oinochoe, chalice, and plate.
Other findspots include Spata (Attica) and the Athenian Agora.
The Painter of Eleusis 767 is an Athenian black-figure painter who worked in the first quarter of the 6th c. BCE. The name
derives from a tall neck amphora found at Eleusis (Eleusis, Archaeological Museum 767; BAPD 300247) decorated with animals
and women. Other findspots are in Athens (Acropolis, Agora).
The Panther Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter active ca. 620-600 BCE. A painter mainly of the lekanis with animal
friezes, Vari (Attica) is the primary findspot.
Kleitias is an Athenian black-figure painter active ca. 575-550 BCE who signs his name as painter (“egrapsen”). His best-known
work is a volute-krater known as the François Vase, which was found in Chuisi (Etruria) and is now in Florence (Archaeological
Museum 4209; BAPD 300000).It displays a series of mythological scenes and a large number of inscriptions. Other vases attributed
to the painter portray Odysseus, warriors, Amazons, dancing youths, and maidens. Other shapes include the Siana cup, Little
Master cup, skyphos, and hydria. Findspots include Athens (Acropolis, Agora), Samos (Heraion), Naukratis, Etruria, and Cyrene.
The Painter of Boston CA is a black-figure painter active ca. 575-555 BCE. The name derives from a Siana cup from Thebes (Boston,
Museum of Fine Arts 99.519; BAPD 300620) showing Circe and Acheloos. The main shape is the Siana cup, but a Panathenaic amphora
fragment with a runner is also attributed to this artist. Findspots include the Athenian Acropolis, Kavala, Rhodes, southern
Italy, and Naukratis.
Nearchos is an Athenian black-figure painter active ca. 570-555 BCE who signed as both potter (“epoiesen”) and painter (“egrapsen”).
Painting in a miniature style, the artist decorated the kantharos, Little Master cup, plaque (pinax), column krater, and aryballos.
Subjects include Herakles, Trojan War, Gigantomachy, Pygmies versus cranes, and Amazons. Findspots include the Athenian Acropolis,
Etruria (Cerveteri, Vulci, Vetulonia), Naukratis, Berezan, and Samos (Heraion).
The Heidelberg Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter active ca. 560-540 BCE. The name derives from a cup found near
Phaleron (Heidelberg, University vi.29; BAPD 300545) showing gods. The main shape is the Siana cup. Subjects include warriors,
youths, the symposion, athletes, Herakles, and mythological scenes. Findspots include Thasos (Artemision), Sicily, Miletus,
Taranto, Berezan, and Corinth.
The Painter of Acropolis 606 is an Athenian black-figure painter active ca. 570-560 BCE. The name derives from a dinos found
on the Athenian Acropolis (Athens, National Museum Acr. 606 [15116]; BAPD 300754) that displays warriors and battle. Shapes
include the column krater, neck amphora, amphora, dinos (lebes), and hydria. Findspots are in Athens and Attica, as well as
Odessa (Black Sea), Sicily, and Cyprus.
The C Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter active ca. 570-560 BCE. The name derives from the “Corinthianizing” style
of painting. Shapes are the Siana cup, lekanis, tripod kothon (or pyxis), skyphos, and lekythos. Subjects include dueling
warriors, horsemen, the symposion, male revelers ("komasts"), and mythological scenes. Findspots include Athens, Eleusis,
Perachora, Corinth, southern Italy, Rhodes, Kavala, and Naukratis.
The Sandal Painter (also known as the Rhitsona Painter) is an Athenian black-figure painter active ca. 575-555 BCE. The name
derives from a lekythos found in Etruria (Bologna, Museo Civico Archeologico PU 204; BAPD 300643) showing one boy hitting
another with a sandal. Shapes include the Siana cup, lekythos, and Little Master cup. Subjects are athletes, satyrs, and warriors.
Findspots include Attica, the Athenian Agora, Ampurias, Etruria, Rhitsona, Naukratis, and the Black Sea.
The Griffin-Bird Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter ca. 575-555 BC who decorated the Siana cup. The name derives
from the griffin-birds appearing on several examples. Subjects include animals, youths, and revelers ("komasts"). Findspots
include Taranto, Berezan, Corinth, the Athenian Acropolis, Miletus, and Naukratis.
The Civico Painter is an Athenian black-figure Siana cup painter active ca. 575-555 BCE. The name derives from a cup fragment
from Orvieto (Museo Civico 597; BAPD 300647) with male figures. Subjects include warriors, Theseus and the Minotaur, and athletes.
Findspots include Tocra (Libya), Taranto, Orvieto, and Thebes.
The Amasis Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter active ca. 560-515 BCE. The name derives from the potter ("epoiesen")
who signs as Amasis. Scholars debate if the painter and potter are one in the same. The painter sometimes combines the full
black-figure technique with outline and at times employs a minituristic style. Shapes include different amphora types, lekythos,
oinochoe, and alabastron. Subjects are Dionysos and his followers, other gods, draped figures, warriors, and revelers ("komasts").
Main findspots are Vulci and other sites in Etruria, Athens (Acropolis, Agora, Kerameikos), and Naukratis.
The Painter of London B76 is an Athenian black-figure painter active ca. 580-550 BCE. The name derives from hydria found at
Camiros, Rhodes (London, British Museum B76; BAPD 300790) showing Hector (inscribed) next to a frontal chariot. Other shapes
include the neck amphora, dinos (lebes), loutrophoros, belly amphora, and column krater. Subjects are Theseus and the Minotaur,
Trojan War, and the Kalydonian Boar Hunt. Findspots include Athens (Agora, Acropolis), Eleusis, Cyrene, Taranto, and Vulci.
The Tleson Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter of Little Master cups active from ca. 555 to 535 BCE. The name derives
from vases signed by the potter “Tleson, son of Nearchos” (“Tleson ho Nearcho epoiesen”), and it is possible that painter
and potter are one in the same. Decorated shapes are band-cups and lip-cups, and subjects include animals, Herakles, and Theseus.
Findspots are in Vulci and elsewhere in Italy, Sicily, Berezan, Naukratis, and the Athenian Acropolis.
The Painter of the Louvre F6 is an Athenian black-figure painter active in the mid-6th c. BCE and is classified as a “companion”
to Lydos. The name derives from a hydria (Pairs, Louvre F6; BAPD 300899) showing Dionysos with maenads and satyrs on the shoulder
and a duel on the body. Shapes include the column krater, belly amphora (Type B), and the shouldered hydria. Subjects are
gods, warriors, Herakles, centaurs, Theseus, and athletes. Known findspots are in Greece and Italy, as well as Berezan and
Cyrene.
The Painter of Vatican 309 is an Athenian black-figure painter active in the mid-6th c. BCE and is classified as a “companion”
to Lydos. The name derives from a neck amphora found in Cerveteri (Rome, Vatican 309; BAPD 300873) featuring animal friezes
and a duel. Primarily a painter of the neck amphora, other shapes are plates and column kraters. Subjects include animals,
duels, riders, and a few scenes of Herakles and Theseus. Known findspots are Athens, Delos, Etruria, Naukratis, and Histria
(Romania).
The Ptoon Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter active ca. 565-555 BCE. The name derives from the column krater discovered
in Boeotia (Mt. Ptoon) (Athens, National Museum 1001; BAPD 300776) decorated with animals. Other shapes include the ovoid
neck amphora, hydria, and Siana cup. Subjects are warriors, the symposion, draped, males, mythological scenes, and animals.
Findspots include Rhodes, Vulci, Sicily, and Tocra.
The Camtar Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter dated to the mid-6th c. BCE. The name derives from vases in Cambridge
(“Cam”) and Tarquinia (“Tar”). The main shape is the ovoid neck amphora. Subjects include Herakles/Amazons and the Arming
of Achilles. Findspots include Etruria (Cerveteri, Vulci, Tarquinia), Marseilles, Sardis, and Naukratis.
Tleson (active around 555-535 BCE) was an Athenian potter and perhaps also a vase painter in the black-figure style. He was
the son of the famous potter Nearchos and brother of Ergoteles. His workshop apparently produced mostly Little-master cups.
Sokles is an Athenian black-figure painter of Little Master cups active in the mid-6th c. BCE. The name derives from vases
signed as potter ("epoiesen") by Sokles, and it is possible the potter and painter may be one in the same. Shapes are lip-cups,
band-cups, and the kantharos. Subjects include Herakles fighting centaurs, youths, and Trojan War subjects. Findspots include
Etruria, Berezan, Daskyleion (Turkey), and Greece.
The Xenokles Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter of Little Master cups active in the mid-6th c. BCE. The name derives
from vases signed as potter ("epoiesen") by Xenokles. Shapes include more lip-cups than band-cups and at least one oinochoe.
Subjects include the gods, animals, youths, and Herakles. Findspots are in Etruria and southern Italy, Berezan, Miletos, and
the Athenian Acropolis.
The Oakeshott Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter of Little Master cups active in the second quarter of the 6th c.
BCE. The name derives from a cup, formerly in the Oakeshott collection (Oxford, Ashmolean Museum 1972.162; BAPD 350750), showing
animals. Shapes are band-cups and some lip-cups. One lip-cup (Boston, Museum of Fine Arts (69.1052; BAPD 210) features figure
decoration on the interior. Subjects are Dionysian, and findspots include Samos, Etruria, and Cyrene.
The Phrynos Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter of Little Master cups active ca. 560-540 BCE. The name derives from
vases signed as potter ("epoiesen") by Phrynos, and it is uncertain if the painter and potter are the same person. Subjects
include the Birth of Athena, Herakles, Bellerophon, Pegasos, and warriors. Findspots are Italy, Egypt, and the Athenian Agora.
Sakonides is an Athenian black-figure painter of Little Master cups active ca. 560-520 BCE. The signature as painter ("egrapsen")
appears on several cups, including one cup of Type A from the Athenian Acropolis (Athens, National Museum Acr.; BAPD 301108).
Subjects are mostly female heads, but also Herakles, youths, and riders. Other findspots include Etruria, Sicily, Thrace,
and Olbia.
Archikles is an Athenian black-figure potter of Little Master cups active in the mid-6th c. BCE. The name derives from the
signature on cups signed as potter ("epoiesen") by Archikles. A band-cup signed as potter by Archikles and Glaukytes shows
the Kalydonian Boar Hunt on one side and Theseus fighting the Minotaur on the other. The main findspot is Vulci.
The Centaur Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter of Little Master cups active in the second quarter of the 6th c. BCE.
The name derives from a preference for painting centaurs and other equids. Known findspots include the Athenian Agora, Vulci,
Berezan, and Cyprus.
Neandros is an Athenian black-figure potter of Little Master cups active in the mid-6th c. BCE. The name derives from the
signature on cups signed as potter ("epoiesen") by Neandros. Decorating both band-cups and lip-cups, scenes include chariots,
men, and Herakles. Findspots are Vulci and Corinth.
The Princeton Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter active ca. 545-530 BCE and a member of the Princeton Group. The
name derives from an amphora with a Panathenaic body found at Nola (Princeton, University Art Museum 169; BAPD 320405) showing
a man and a woman in a chariot. Shapes include the belly and neck amphora. Scenes include stock motifs (warriors, draped men)
and depictions of Herakles, Theseus, Trojan War scenes, and the Gigantomachy. Large numbers of vases have been found in Vulci,
while others come from Greece, Egypt, Cyrene, and Susa (Persia).
The Painter of the Vatican Mourner is an Athenian black-figure painter active ca. 560-540 BCE, who has been associated with
Group E. The name derives from an amphora from Vulci (Rome, Vatican 350; BAPD 310352) featuring a woman mourning over a deceased
warrior (perhaps Eos and Memnon). Shapes are mostly the amphora and other large vessels. Scenes are of the Trojan War along
with wedding and funerary iconography. Known findspots include Italy, Sicily, Naukratis, and Athens.
The Painter of Munich 1410 is an Athenian black-figure painter active in the third quarter of the 6th c. BCE. The name derives
from an amphora from Vulci (Munich, Antikensammlungen 1410; BAPD 301593) showing a duel over a fallen warrior. Shapes include
several amphora types and the hydria. Scenes include warriors, Amazons, and possibly the wedding of Peleus and Thetis. Known
findspots are the Athenian Agora, Vulci, and Orvieto.
The Painter of Berlin 1686 is an Athenian black-figure painter active ca. 550-530 BCE. The name derives from an amphora (Berlin,
Antikensammlung F1686; BAPD 320383) portraying a sacrifice to Athena. Other scenes include courting, choral performance, Herakles,
and warriors. Findspots are Etruria, Sicily, sites in Greece, Cyrene, and Kerch (Black Sea).
The Taleides Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter of Little Master cups active in the second quarter of the 6th c.
BCE. The name derives from vases signed as potter (“epoiesen”) by Taleides. Shapes include the lekythos, oinochoe, and hydria.
Subjects are youths, warriors, riders, Theseus and the Minotaur, and Herakles. Known findspots are Italy and Sicily, Berezan,
and Greece.
Antidoros in an Athenian black-figure potter of Little Master cups active beginning in the mid-6th c. BCE. The name derives
from vases signed as potter ("epoiesen") by Antidoros. Andidoros may have worked with more than one painter. Subjects include
Pygmies and cranes, hunting, and chariots. Examples have been found in Taranto.
The Epitimos Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter of Little Master cups active in mid-6th c. BCE. The name derives
from vases signed as potter ("epoiesen") by Epitimos. Subjects include youths, warriors, and erotic scenes. The main findspot
is Vulci.
Klitomenes is an Athenian black-figure potter of Little Master cups active in the mid-6th c. BCE. The signature of potter
(“epoiesen”) appears on a skyphos found at Sardis (Princeton, University Art Museum 29.180; BAPD 310585), showing a swan in
the tondo.
Nikosthenes is an Athenian potter active ca. 540-510 BCE. Signing a large number of vases as potter ("epoiesen"), Nikosthenes
is associated with Painter N and several other painters. Shapes include the Nikosthenic amphora (based on an Etruscan shape),
Nikosthenic pyxis, kyathos-dipper, skyphos, and psykter. Subjects include satyrs, Dionysos, warriors, revelers ("komasts"),
athletes, riders, and scenes with Athena. Most examples have been discovered in Etruria.
The Lysippides Painter is the conventional name Sir John Beazley (1885-1970) applied to the individual who he believed painted
the black-figure work of the red-figure painter known as the Andokides Painter (see Andokides Painter [Black-figure]; see
Andokides Painter [Red-figure]; see Andokides potter [Black-figure]) (ca. 530-515 BCE). It is still debated as to whether
they are two artists with identical style or the same artist working in two techniques. Scholars believe the painter to be
a student of Exekias.
The Affecter is an Athenian black-figure painter (and possibly potter) active ca. 540-520 BCE. The name derives from the mannerist
(i.e. affected) style of the figures. Shapes are various amphora types, including ovoid and Type C, as well as smaller shapes.
Subjects include stock iconography (draped, men, warriors, riders, dancers) and myth (Herakles, Theseus). Findspots include
Etruria, southern Italy, Naukratis, and Greece.
The BMN Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter active ca. 550-510 BCE, who worked with the potter Nikosthenes. The acronym
derives from “British Museum Nikosthenes” and refers to a neck amphora from Agrigento with Nikosthenes signed as potter ("epoiesen")
(London, British Museum B295; BAPD 302838). The painter decorated the amphora and Little Master cups, as well the hydria and
oinochoe. Subjects are youths, athletes, warriors, Theseus and the Minotaur, and Herakles. Known findspots are in Etruria,
Sicily, and Greece.
Andokides is an Athenian potter active ca. 530 BCE. Signing as potter ("epoiesen") on a number of vases, the potter is associated
with several painters: the Andokides Painter, Psiax, and Epiktetos. Shapes are mainly cups, the amphora, and hydria. Subjects
include Dionysos, Herakles, and Athena as well as athletes, warriors, and the symposion. Examples have been discovered in
Etruria.
Elbows Out is an Athenian black-figure painter active ca. 550-530 BCE. The name derives from the exaggerated arm gestures
of the figures. Like the Affecter, Elbows Out is classified as a mannerist painter. Shapes include band-cups, lip-cups, the
skyphos, lekythos, and amphora. Subjects are animals, youths, women, and erotic scenes. Examples have been discovered in the
Black Sea, Etruria, Naukratis, and Greece.
Painter N is an Athenian black-figure painter connected to the workshop of the potter Nikosthenes and active ca. 540-520 BCE.
The Nikosthenic amphora was probably decorated by Painter N as well as the kyathos, cups, and psykter. Decorative subjects
include satyrs, Dionysos, warriors, revelers ("komasts"), athletes, riders, and scenes with Athena. Most have been discovered
in Etruria.
The Pharos Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter active ca. 540-520 BCE. The name derives from vases with scenes of
two women sharing a cloak (“pharos”). Frequently painting the lekythos, compositions consist of a central panel on the body
of the vase. Findspots include Locri (south Italy), Rhodes, and the Athenian Kerameikos.
The Painter of Vatican 365 is an Athenian black-figure painter active in the third quarter of the 6th c. BCE. The name derives
from a vase found in Cerveteri (Rome, Vatican A365; BAPD 301601) depicting the Battle of Gods and Giants. Other subjects are
chariots, warriors, and Herakles. Mainly a painter of the amphora, findspots for these vases are in Etruria and Cyprus.
The Euphiletos Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter active in the last quarter of the 6th c. BCE. The name derives
from an inscription “Euphiletos kalos” (“Euphiletos is beautiful”) on a Panathenaic amphora from Vulci (London, British Museum
B134; BAPD 301687) showing a pentathlon. Other shapes include the neck amphora, hydria, belly amphora (Type B), oinochoe,
and plaques. Scenes include athletes, chariots, Herakles, Dionysos, and weddings. Findspots are many sites in Etruria, the
Athenian Acropolis, and Cyprus.
The Painter of the Nicosia Olpe is an Athenian black-figure painter active ca. 500 BCE. The name derives from a vase (Nicosia,
Cyprus Museum C 809; BAPD 330183) showing a man, woman, and youth. Other shapes are cups, the lekythos, and small amphora.
Scenes include chariots, arming, men with spears, riders, Herakles, Theseus and the Minotaur, Birth of Athena, and Ajax and
Cassandra. Findspots are Italy, Sicily, Cyrene, Naukratis, and Greece.
The Acheloos Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter active from the end of the 6th c. BCE who is associated with the
Leagros Group. The name derives from an amphora found at Vulci (Berlin, Antikensammlung F1851; BAPD 302396) depicting Herakles
and Acheloos. Shapes include the neck amphora, lekythos, and hydria. Subjects are mythological with many featuring Herakles.
Findspots include Vulci, Cerveteri, and sites in southern Italy and Sicily.
The Madrid Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter active in the last quarter of the 6th c. BCE. The name derives from
a hydria in Madrid (Madrid, Archaeological Museum 10913; BAPD 301766) showing the Struggle for the Delphic Tripod. Shapes
are the hydria, neck amphora, and column krater. Scenes include Ajax and Achilles, Dionysos, and Herakles. Findspots are Vulci
and other sites in Etruria, Nola, Syracuse, and Athens.
The Chiusi Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter active in the last quarter of the 6th c. BCE who is associated with
the Leagros Group. The name derives from an amphora found at Chiusi (Chiusi, National Archaeological Museum 1812; BAPD 302092)
showing Ajax and Achilles. Shapes are mainly large vessels, including the amphora, hydria, and column krater. Scenes feature
Herakles and Dionysos with followers. Findspots are Etruria, southern Italy, and Athens.
The Priam Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter active in the last quarter of the 6th c. BCE. The name derives from
a hydria discovered in Etruria (Madrid, Archaeological Museum 10920; BAPD 301795) showing Priam beside a chariot. Shapes are
the amphora in different forms and the hydria. Scenes include chariots, Herakles, Dionysos, battles, and hoplites. Findspots
are sites in Etruria and Sicily.
The Bucci Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter active in the late 6th c. BCE. The name derives from an amphora formerly
in a private collection (now New Orleans, Isaac Delgado Museum of Art 2033 [16.38]; 301635) showing Herakles and Hermes between
columns. Mainly a painter of the amphora, subjects include chariots, youths, departures, and Herakles. Findspots are Vulci,
Taranto, and Kamiros (Rhodes).
The Wraith Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter active in the third quarter of the 6th c. BCE. The name derives from
the ghost-like style of the figures on the vases. Shapes are cups and the lekythos, and subjects include warriors, riders,
Dionysos and followers, and Amazons. Findspots are the Athenian Acropolis, Thasos, Italy, Sicily, and France.
The Mastos Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter active ca. 530 BCE. The name derives from a mastos (breast-shaped cup)
(Würzburg, Martin von Wagner Museum 391; BAPD 302277). Other shapes are the amphora and hydria. Subjects include Dionysos,
Herakles, warriors, and the symposion. Findspots are the Athenian Acropolis and Etruria.
The Nikoxenos Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter, affiliated with the Leagros Group, active late 6th and early 5th
c. BCE. The painter also produced red-figure and bilingual vases (see Nikoxenos Painter [red-figure]). The name derives from
a Panathenaic amphora from Capua, Italy (Oxford, Mississippi University Museum 1977.3.115; BAPD 202964) with “Nikoxenos kalos”
(“Nikoxenos is beautiful”) inscribed on Athena’s shield. Black-figure shapes include the neck amphora, hydria, and pelike.
Scenes are of Dionysos, Athena, Herakles and Amazons, soldiers arming, the fountain-house, Perseus and Medusa, and the Judgment
of Paris. Findspots are Etruria, southern Italy, Athens, Marathon, and northern Greece.
The Edinburgh Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter active ca. 500 BCE, who sometimes applies white-ground to black-figure.
The name derives from a lekythos (Edinburgh, Royal Scottish Museum L224.379; BAPD 380848) showing the Ransom of Hector. The
painter has been connected to the Leagros Group and the Dot-Band Class. The lekythos is the main shape, as well as the amphora
and small hydria. Scenes include myths, chariots, warriors, Herakles, Athena, and Dionysos. Findspots are Gela and other sites
in Sicily, Athens (Kerameikos, Agora, Acropolis), Etruria and southern Italy, Cyrene, and Xanthos (Turkey).
The Nikoxenos Painter is an Athenian red-figure painter active late 6th to early 5th c. BCE and affiliated with the Leagros
Group. The painter also produced black-figure and bilingual vases (see Nikoxenos Painter [black-figure]). The name derives
from a Panathenaic amphora from Capua, Italy (Oxford, Mississippi University Museum 1977.3.115; BAPD 202964) with “Nikoxenos
kalos” (“Nikoxenos is beautiful”) inscribed on Athena’s shield. Other shapes are the amphora, hydria, and pelike. Subjects
include the Death of Priam, Perseus and Medusa, and religion. Findspots are sites in Etruria (Vulci, Tarquinia, Cerveteri),
the Athenian Acropolis, Aegina, and Naukratis.
The Rycroft Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter active in the last quarter of the 6th c. BCE. The name derives from
an amphora (Type A) discovered in Vulci, formerly in the Rycroft collection (Oxford, Ashmolean Museum 1965.118; BAPD 301824),
showing Leto on one side and Apollo and Artemis on the other. The painter is thought to be related to the Priam Painter and
to Psiax. Shapes include the amphora in different forms, kraters, and the hydria. Scenes are of chariots, Herakles, Dionysos,
and the Ransom of Hector. Findspots are sites in Etruria, Sicily, Athens (Agora, Acropolis), and Cyrene.
The Theseus Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter active late 6th and early 5th c. BCE who sometimes uses white-ground
and Six’s technique. The name derives from the painter’s fondness for the hero Theseus. Primarily a painter of the skyphos
and lekythos, other shapes are the oinochoe, loutrophoros, alabastron, and pelike. Scenes include Dionysos, Herakles, warriors,
revelers ("komasts"), youths, athletes, and prothesis (laying out the body of the deceased). Findspots are Athens (Acropolis,
Agora), Thasos, Taranto, Rhodes, Delos, and Corinth.
The Athena Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter active ca. 490-460 BCE. The name derives from a preference for showing
scenes of Athena. A few red-figure vases have been connected to this painter, who is perhaps the same artist as the Bowdoin
Painter (see Bowdoin Painter [red-figure]). White-ground vases by the painter or from the painter’s workshop are attributed
to the Sèvres Class. The main shapes are the lekythos and oinochoe. Findspots are Eretria, Athens, Olympia, Delphi, Rhodes,
Etruria, southern Italy, and Sicily.
The Daybreak Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter associated with the Leagros Group, active ca. 520 to 500 BCE. The
name derives from a lekythos from Eretria (Athens, National Museum 513; BAPD 302371) showing Helios rising from the sea. Shapes
are the lekythos, oinochoe, olpe, and hydria. Other scenes include Odysseus and Circe, Herakles, warriors, the symposion,
and Dionysos. Findspots are Rhodes, Etruria, southern Italy, and Sicily.
The Gela Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter active during the late 6th and early 5th c. BCE, who sometimes applies
black-figure to white-ground. The name derives from vases discovered at Gela in southern Sicily. Shapes are the lekythos,
olpe, and oinochoe. Scenes are Dionysian, Herakles, the symposion, warriors, and athletes. Many vases have been discovered
in the western Greek colonies.
The Cactus Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter ca. 510-500 BCE. Named for a distinct style of palmette tendrils, this
is mainly a painter of the lekythos. Scenes include Herakles, Ajax and Achilles, horsemen, and youths. Findspots are Eretria
and Thebes.
The Diosphos Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter active in the first half of the 5th c. BCE. The name derives from
the inscription “kalos Diosphos” (“Diosphos is beautiful”) on a small neck amphora (Paris, Cabinet des Médailles 219; BAPD
305526) showing the Birth of Dionysos. The Diosphos Painter also worked in white-ground and Six’s technique. Mainly a lekythos
painter, other shapes are the neck amphora, alabastron, kyathos, and epinetron. Scenes include representations of myths (Amazons,
Herakles, Memnon), chariots, warriors, and Dionysos. Findspots are Athens (Acropolis, Kerameikos, Agora), Corinth, Perachora,
sites in Italy and Sicily, and Rhodes.
The Beldam Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter active in the second quarter of the 5th c. BCE, who also uses added
white and white-ground. The name derives from a lekythos found in Eretria (Athens, National Museum 1129; BAPD 352144) showing
satyrs torturing a woman described by Emilie Haspels (1894-1980) as a “beldam.” The main shape is the lekythos of different
types, including the “chimney lekythos” and pattern lekythos, the skyphos, alabastron, kantharos, and bell krater. Scenes
include Amazons, centaurs, satyrs, and maenads. Findspots are Athens (Kerameikos, Agora) and Attica, Corinth, Eretria, Perachora,
Boeotia, Argos, Olympia, sites in Italy and Sicily, Ampurias (Spain), the Black Sea, and Pitane (modern Turkey).
The Haimon Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter active ca. 490-460 BCE. The name derives from several scenes showing
the Sphinx and her victim (Haimon, son of Creon and Eurydice). Many vases apply white-ground or silhouette techniques. The
main shape is the lekythos, including the “chimney lekythos,” as well as the skyphos, mastoid cup, oinochoe, hydria, and pyxis.
Scenes include chariots, Dionysos and followers, Athena, and Herakles. Findspots are widespread: Athens (Kerameikos, Agora,
Acropolis), sites across Greece, Italy and Sicily, Ampurias (Spain), Miletus, Al Mina (north Syria), Cyrene, and the Black
Sea.
The Sappho Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter active in the late 6th and early 5th c. BCE who uses white-ground with
black-figure. The name derives from a hydria (Warsaw, National Museum 142333; BAPD 510) in Six’s technique depicting Sappho
(inscribed) playing the lyre. Other shapes are the lekythos, column krater, loutrophoros, epinetron, alabastron, mastos, and
plaque. Scenes include chariots, Herakles, Athena, and funerary themes. Findspots are Athens (Agora, Kerameikos, Acropolis),
Eleusis, Corinth, Vari, Phaleron, and sites in Italy.
