Browse Kerameikos IDs


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Three-line Group

Definition
The Three-Line Group is a workshop of Athenian black-figure painters active ca. 530-510 BCE. The name derives from the three lines featured between each decorative zone on the body of the vessel. The main shape is the small neck amphora. Scenes include gods and goddesses, Herakles, Amazons, and the Trojan War. Findspots are Etruscan sites, Samos, and Olbia.
Type
crm:E74_Group, skos:Concept

Added Red

Definition
Added red refers to an additional red-colored pigment, typically made of red ochre, that is painted onto a Greek vase before firing. Various tints can result, including brown and purple. Added red is used for details such as blood, clothing, hair fillets, and decorative borders. It is also used for lettering on red-figure vases.
Type
kon:Technique, skos:Concept

Paseas

Definition
Paseas (sometimes known as the Cerberus Painter) is an Athenian black-figure painter active ca. 525-510 BCE. The painter also painted in red-figure (see Paseas [Red-figure]) and usually painted on white-ground. The name derives from a black-figure pinax (plaque) dedicated on the Athenian Acropolis (Athens, National Museum Acr. 2583; BAPD 301992), inscribed: “one of the paintings of Paseas.” It belongs to a series dedicated to Athena that feature the goddess, in one instance alongside Herakles. Other findspots are the Athenian Agora, Chiusi, Taranto, Vulci, and Cerveteri.
Type
crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Epidromos Painter

Definition
The Epidromos Painter is an Athenian red-figure cup painter active ca. 510-500 BCE. The name derives from the inscription “Epidromos kalos” (“Epidromos is beautiful”) on several cups. Subjects include the symposion, sacrifice, Dionysos and followers, athletes, warriors, and Herakles. Findspots are sites in Etruria (Cerveteri, Vulci, Chiusi) and Spina.
Type
crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Semi-outline

Definition
Semi-outline is a decorative style that combines both outline and silhouette techniques (see Outline; see Silhouette). It can be applied to a single figure, or in varying degrees to different figures and details in the same scene. Semi-outline appears on Athenian black-figure vases (see Black-figure), such as on eye cups and Little Master cups, and on the Athenian white-ground (see White-ground) lekythos.
Type
kon:Technique, skos:Concept

Nolan Amphora

Definition
A subtype of amphora
Type
kon:Shape, skos:Concept

Affecter

Definition
The Affecter is an Athenian black-figure painter (and possibly potter) active ca. 540-520 BCE. The name derives from the mannerist (i.e. affected) style of the figures. Shapes are various amphora types, including ovoid and Type C, as well as smaller shapes. Subjects include stock iconography (draped, men, warriors, riders, dancers) and myth (Herakles, Theseus). Findspots include Etruria, southern Italy, Naukratis, and Greece.
Type
crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Panathenaic Amphora

Definition
Panathenaic amphorae are big, ovoid, lidded vases that were presented as prizes to winners of the Panathenaic Games, which were held once every four years in Athens in honor of Athena, patroness of the city. They were filled with olive oil from Athena's sacred trees. The series, presumed to date to the reorganization of the games about 560 BCE, was produced through the Hellenistic period and beyond. The Panathenaic amphorae of the Classical period are of the finest quality construction. Panathenaic amphorae were only decorated in the black-figure technique.
Type
kon:Shape, skos:Concept

Thaliarchos Painter

Definition
The Thaliarchos Painter is an Athenian red-figure painter active in the late 6th c. BCE. The name derives from the inscription “Thaliarchos kalos” (“Thaliarchos is beautiful”) on a pyxis lid from Athens (Paris, Petit Palais 382; BAPD 200657) showing a helmet-maker. The pyxis lid is the preferred shape. Other subjects include satyrs, Athena’s head, and a dwarf. Findspots are Athens (Acropolis, unspecified sites), Megara, and Monte Lato (Sicily).
Type
crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Miniature Panathenaic Amphora

Definition
Miniature Panathenaic amphorae are ointment vessels with a similar shape to the regular-sized Panathenaic amphorae with small handles and a narrow foot. They are usually decorated in black-figure and measure about 8 - 19 cm (about 3.1 - 7.5 in) high.
Type
kon:Shape, skos:Concept

Belly Amphora

Definition
A belly amphora has a continuous, smooth curve from lip to foot. These amphorae have been classified as Types A, B, and C, based on differences in the shape of lips, feet, and handles.
Type
kon:Shape, skos:Concept

Painter of Vatican 309

Definition
The Painter of Vatican 309 is an Athenian black-figure painter active in the mid-6th c. BCE and is classified as a “companion” to Lydos. The name derives from a neck amphora found in Cerveteri (Rome, Vatican 309; BAPD 300873) featuring animal friezes and a duel. Primarily a painter of the neck amphora, other shapes are plates and column kraters. Subjects include animals, duels, riders, and a few scenes of Herakles and Theseus. Known findspots are Athens, Delos, Etruria, Naukratis, and Histria (Romania).
Type
crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Tleson

Definition
Tleson (active around 555-535 BCE) was an Athenian potter and perhaps also a vase painter in the black-figure style. He was the son of the famous potter Nearchos and brother of Ergoteles. His workshop apparently produced mostly Little-master cups.
Type
crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Priam Painter

Definition
The Priam Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter active in the last quarter of the 6th c. BCE. The name derives from a hydria discovered in Etruria (Madrid, Archaeological Museum 10920; BAPD 301795) showing Priam beside a chariot. Shapes are the amphora in different forms and the hydria. Scenes include chariots, Herakles, Dionysos, battles, and hoplites. Findspots are sites in Etruria and Sicily.
Type
crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Siana Cup

Definition
Named after a site on Rhodes where examples were found, Siana cups can be distinguished from Komast cups by their taller feet and lips. They are decorated on the tondo (another difference from Komast cups) and there are two schemes for decorating the exterior. The 'double-decker' type involves two friezes on each side, one on the lip (usually floral), and a figured scene on the body. The 'overlap' type uses a single frieze on each side to cover the total height of the body and lip. Aspects of the form and decoration of Siana cups appear to be indebted to East Greek models.
Type
kon:Shape, skos:Concept

Silhouette

Definition
Silhouette is used to describe figures or objects painted in solid black against a lighter colored background. In the black-figure technique (see Black-figure), figures and objects are painted in silhouette before employing incision for details (see Incised). Examples are also found in Geometric (see Geometric), Orientalizing (see Orientalizing), and red-figure vase-painting (see Red-figure), as well as on Boeotian “geometricizing” vases.
Type
kon:Technique, skos:Concept

Pioneer Group

Definition
The Pioneer Group (or “Pioneers”) is a group of Athenian red-figure painters active ca. 520-500 BCE. The name is associated with artists whose work is related stylistically and who refer to each other by name using inscriptions. Painters identified with the group include Euphronios, Euthymides, Smikros, Phintias, and the Dikaios Painter. Shapes are often large vessels, like the krater, amphora (Type A), hydria, and psykter. Scenes include both myths and daily life: Herakles, the Trojan War, athletes, and the symposion. Some findspots are Vulci, Athens (Agora, Acropolis), Xanthos (Turkey), Gela, and Cyrene.
Type
crm:E74_Group, skos:Concept

One Handled Kantharos

Definition
An uncommon form of the kantharos. The elements of foot, lower and upper walls and rim are the same as for the moulded-rim kantharos, but the single handle spans from the upper part of the lower wall to the bottom edge of the moulding. Lacking a spur, the cup is narrower than typical kantharoi, and while it is sometimes ribbed it is never found with stamping.
Type
kon:Shape, skos:Concept

Painter of The Nicosia Olpe

Definition
The Painter of the Nicosia Olpe is an Athenian black-figure painter active ca. 500 BCE. The name derives from a vase (Nicosia, Cyprus Museum C 809; BAPD 330183) showing a man, woman, and youth. Other shapes are cups, the lekythos, and small amphora. Scenes include chariots, arming, men with spears, riders, Herakles, Theseus and the Minotaur, Birth of Athena, and Ajax and Cassandra. Findspots are Italy, Sicily, Cyrene, Naukratis, and Greece.
Type
crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Class of Top Band Stemless

Definition
The Class of the Top-Band Stemless denotes a group of Athenian black-figure painters active in the late 6th to early 5th c. BCE who decorate the shallow stemless cup. The name derives from the broad black band above the handle zone. Some are eye cups with a gorgoneion in the interior. Subjects include warriors, Dionysos and followers, Theseus and the Minotaur, and animals. Findspots are Vulci and other Etruscan sites, Aegina, Lesbos, and Cyrene.
Type
crm:E74_Group, skos:Concept

Polychrome

Definition
Polychrome refers to vases that feature multiple colors in addition to the usual red and black derived from firing Athenian clay and slip (see Added Color). Examples of polychrome are relatively rare in Athenian vase-painting, but are found more regularly on Corinthian and South Italian wares. Several polychrome vessels in the form of the oinochoe are from the Athenian Agora.
Type
kon:Technique, skos:Concept

Euaichme Painter

Definition
The Euaichme Painter is an Athenian red-figure painter active ca. 480-460 BCE. The name derives from a cup from Vico Equense (Naples) (Boston, Museum of Fine Arts 01.8097; BAPD 209665) showing Nestor and Euaichme. The main shapes are cups and the skyphos. Subjects include men, women, youths and boys, athletes, the symposion, and the Marriage of Peleus and Thetis. Findspots are Etruria (Vulci, Cerveteri, Chiusi), Bologna, sites in southern Italy and Sicily, Ampurias (Spain), and Kerch.
Type
crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Fallow Deer Painter

Definition
The Fallow Deer Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter of the Tyrrhenian Group active ca. 560-545/50 BCE. The name derives from the appearance of deer with white spots on their backs on several examples. The primary shape is the ovoid neck amphora. Subjects are Amazons, Gigantomachy, Herakles, Trojan War, and hunting. Findspots are Vulci and Tarquinia.
Type
crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Polion

Definition
An Attic vase painter active 430-410 B.C.
Type
crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Apollodoros

Definition
Apollodoros is an Athenian red-figure cup painter active in the late 6th c. BCE. The name derives from the painter (“egrapsen”) who signs as Apollodoros on a fragmentary cup (Rome, Villa Giulia, ex Castle Ashby; BAPD 201006) showing warriors. Other scenes include Dionysos and followers, the symposion, revelers (“komasts”), religion, and Theseus and the Minotaur. Some findspots are sites in Etruria (Cerveteri, Orvieto, Gravisca, Tarquinia, Vulci) and the Athenian Acropolis.
Type
crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Louterion

Definition
The term 'louterion' (coming from a word meaning 'wash’) is used to denote a bowl with two handles and a spout.
Type
kon:Shape, skos:Concept

Mastoid

Definition
The mastoid cup is a footless, flat-bottomed version of the mastos with an outturned lip. The cup is either handleless or has horizontal handles attached a little below the rim.
Type
kon:Shape, skos:Concept

Ure Museum of Greek Archaeology

Definition
The Ure Museum of Greek Archaeology contains one of the most important collections of Greek antiquities in the United Kingdom. The Museum forms part of the Department of Classics at the University of Reading and is situated on the university's Whiteknights Campus, about two miles from the centre of the English town of Reading, Berkshire.
Type
crm:E40_Legal_Body, skos:Concept

Pyxis

Definition
Pyxides are round, lidded boxes of various shapes and sizes used for cosmetics, powder or jewelry. Some were put in tombs. The term 'skyphoid-pyxis' is used to designate a shape that became a Sicilian specialty with an ovoid body, a lid, and two horizontal handles.
Type
kon:Shape, skos:Concept

Euphronios

Definition
Euphronios is an Athenian red-figure painter active ca. 520-505 BCE, who signed as both painter (“egrapsen”) and potter (“epoiesen”). Euphronios is considered a member of the Pioneer Group, along with Euthymides, Phintias, and other vase-painters. Shapes connected to the painter are cups, the calyx krater, stamnos, psykter, and pelike. The cup is the main shape connected to the potter. Scenes include Herakles and Antaios, athletes, the symposion, and Amazons. One of the best known works is a krater formerly in the Metropolitan Museum of Art (1972.11.10; BAPD 187) showing the personifications of Sleep (“Hypnos”) and Death (“Thanatos”) carrying Sarpedon from the battlefield at Troy. Some findspots are sites in Etruria (Vulci, Cerveteri, Orvieto, Tarquinia), Athens (Agora, Acropolis), Thasos, and Olbia (Black Sea).
Type
crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Psykter Column Krater

Definition
Rarer than but similar to the psykter-amphora, the psykter-column-krater is a double-walled vessel meant to cool wine or water. The outer vessel has a spout near the shoulder through which ice or ice water was poured into the space between the two walls. It usually has a drain spout just above the foot, directly below the pour spout.
Type
kon:Shape, skos:Concept

Hischylos Painter

Definition
The Hischylos Painter is an Athenian red-figure cup painter active ca. 525-500 BCE. The name derives from the potter ("epoiesen") who signs as Hischylos on several examples. Other than the cup, shapes include the column krater and bell krater. Subjects are warriors and athletes. Findspots are Vulci, Taranto, and the Athenian Acropolis.
Type
crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Smikros

Definition
Smikros is an Athenian red-figure painter and part of the Pioneer Group active ca. 510-500 BCE. The name is inscribed as painter (“egrapsen”) on several vases. Shapes include the stamnos, pelike, and psykter. Subjects are the symposion, musicians, Dionysos and satyrs, and the Abduction of Thetis by Peleus. Findspots include Etruria (Todi, Cerveteri, Elea) and Athens (Kerameikos).
Type
crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Plastic Vase

Definition
Term used to describe ancient Mediterranean vessels in the form of heads or animals or groups that were partially formed in molds like terracotta statuettes.
Type
kon:Shape, skos:Concept

Painter of The Paris Gigantomachy

Definition
The Painter of the Paris Gigantomachy is an Athenian red-figure painter active ca. 480-460 BCE. The name derives from a cup found at Vulci (Paris, Cabinet de Médailles 573; BAPD 204546) showing the Gigantomachy on the interior and exterior. Shapes are primarily the cup, but also the lekythos, oinochoe, and neck amphora. Subjects include athletes, revelers (“komasts”), centaurs, satyrs, the symposion, and religion. Some findspots include Adria, Etruria (Vulci, Orvieto, Tarquinia, Cerveteri, Chiusi), Nola, Gela, the Athenian Agora, Tanagra, and Ampurias (Spain).
Type
crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Kylix Type A

Definition
Type A is the preferred cup shape of black-figure vase painters from about 530 BCE. The cup has a deep bowl without an offset lip, a low flaring foot with a pronounced concave edge, and usually a fillet between the thick stem and the bowl.
Type
kon:Shape, skos:Concept

Carpenter Painter

Definition
The Carpenter Painter is an Athenian red-figure painter active ca. 515-500 BCE. The name derives from a cup found in Chuisi (London, British Museum E23; BAPD 201642) showing a carpenter on its interior. Though primarily a cup painter, a hydria has been attributed to the same painter. Subjects include revelers (“komasts”), the symposion, youths, Herakles, satyrs, and hunting. Findspots are sites in Etruria (Orvieto, Vulci), and a cup “near” the painter stylistically was found in Corinth.
Type
crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Princeton Painter

Definition
The Princeton Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter active ca. 545-530 BCE and a member of the Princeton Group. The name derives from an amphora with a Panathenaic body found at Nola (Princeton, University Art Museum 169; BAPD 320405) showing a man and a woman in a chariot. Shapes include the belly and neck amphora. Scenes include stock motifs (warriors, draped men) and depictions of Herakles, Theseus, Trojan War scenes, and the Gigantomachy. Large numbers of vases have been found in Vulci, while others come from Greece, Egypt, Cyrene, and Susa (Persia).
Type
crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Pinax

Definition
Pinax' is a Greek word for 'plate'. The term is usually now applied to a flat rectangular slab that was decorated and hung on tombs or in sanctuaries.
Type
kon:Shape, skos:Concept

Nikon Painter

Definition
The Nikon Painter is an Athenian red-figure painter active ca. 470-450 BCE. The name derives from the inscription “Nikon kalos” or “kalos Nikon” (“Nikon is beautiful”) on several examples. Also attributed to the painter is a white-ground lekythos from Eretria (Brussels, Musées Royaux A1019; BAPD 207607) showing a mistress and maid.
Type
crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Type A Exaleiptron

Definition
The Type A Exaleiptron dates earlier than Type B and displays a shorter, wider flaring foot.
Type
kon:Shape, skos:Concept

Winchester Painter

Definition
The Winchester Painter is an Athenian red-figure cup painter active ca. 520-500 BCE. The name derives from an eye-cup (Winchester, UK, Winchester College 42; BAPD 200403) showing jumpers on the exterior and a satyr on the interior. Satyrs and athletes appear on other cups. Findspots are Greece and Vulci.
Type
crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Beldam Painter

Definition
The Beldam Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter active in the second quarter of the 5th c. BCE, who also uses added white and white-ground. The name derives from a lekythos found in Eretria (Athens, National Museum 1129; BAPD 352144) showing satyrs torturing a woman described by Emilie Haspels (1894-1980) as a “beldam.” The main shape is the lekythos of different types, including the “chimney lekythos” and pattern lekythos, the skyphos, alabastron, kantharos, and bell krater. Scenes include Amazons, centaurs, satyrs, and maenads. Findspots are Athens (Kerameikos, Agora) and Attica, Corinth, Eretria, Perachora, Boeotia, Argos, Olympia, sites in Italy and Sicily, Ampurias (Spain), the Black Sea, and Pitane (modern Turkey).
Type
crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Ky Painter

Definition
The KY Painter (Komast Y) is an Athenian black-figure painter affiliated with the Komast Group and dated to the 570’s and 560’s BCE. Shapes include the Komast cup, skyphos, lekanis, and column krater. The main subject is male revelers ("komasts"). Komast cups attributed to the painter have been discovered in the Greek mainland and were widely distributed around the Mediterranean and the Black Sea.
Type
crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Nikoxenos Painter

Definition
The Nikoxenos Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter, affiliated with the Leagros Group, active late 6th and early 5th c. BCE. The painter also produced red-figure and bilingual vases (see Nikoxenos Painter [red-figure]). The name derives from a Panathenaic amphora from Capua, Italy (Oxford, Mississippi University Museum 1977.3.115; BAPD 202964) with “Nikoxenos kalos” (“Nikoxenos is beautiful”) inscribed on Athena’s shield. Black-figure shapes include the neck amphora, hydria, and pelike. Scenes are of Dionysos, Athena, Herakles and Amazons, soldiers arming, the fountain-house, Perseus and Medusa, and the Judgment of Paris. Findspots are Etruria, southern Italy, Athens, Marathon, and northern Greece.
Type
crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Nikosthenes

Definition
Nikosthenes is an Athenian potter active ca. 540-510 BCE. Signing a large number of vases as potter ("epoiesen"), Nikosthenes is associated with Painter N and several other painters. Shapes include the Nikosthenic amphora (based on an Etruscan shape), Nikosthenic pyxis, kyathos-dipper, skyphos, and psykter. Subjects include satyrs, Dionysos, warriors, revelers ("komasts"), athletes, riders, and scenes with Athena. Most examples have been discovered in Etruria.
Type
crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Conical Oinochoe

Definition
A minor Geometric shape, the conical oinochoe is small with a trefoil mouth, a narrow neck, and a body that consists of little more than a broad shoulder. In Early Protocorinthian the body is straightened until it approaches a more or less shallow cone, and the neck becomes taller; this conical oinochoe shape remains popular in Corinthian pottery until the early 6th c. BCE.
Type
kon:Shape, skos:Concept

Incense Burner

Definition
This shape is also known as a thymiaterion.
Type
kon:Shape, skos:Concept

Goltyr Painter

Definition
The Goltyr Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter of the Tyrrhenian Group dated ca. 565-550 BCE. The name derives from an amphora (Poland, Warsaw Archaeological Museum 142445; BAPD 310103) showing a komos. It is a contraction of two words: “Goluchow”, the former collection in Poland, and “Tyrrhenian”.The primary shape is the ovoid neck amphora. Scenes depict centaurs, Amazons, warriors, hunting, and male revelers ("komasts"). Findspots include Vulci and Cerveteri.
Type
crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Bowdoin-eye Painter

Definition
The Bowdoin-Eye Painter is an Athenian red-figure cup painter active ca. 520-500 BCE who painted bilingual cups (black-figure interior, red-figure exterior). The name derives from a cup from Cerveteri (Brunswick, Maine, Bowdoin College 1913.2; BAPD 200369) showing athletes on the exterior and interior. Other subjects are warriors, satyrs and maenads, and revelers (“komasts”). Findspots include sites in Etruria (Vulci, Roselle), the Athenian Acropolis, and Olbia (Black Sea).
Type
crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Oionokles Painter

Definition
The Oionokles Painter is an Athenian red-figure painter active ca. 480-470 BCE. The name derives from the inscription “Oionokles kalos” (“Oionokles is beautiful”) on several examples. Shapes are the neck amphora, lekythos, loutrophoros, and column krater. Subjects include Dionysos and followers, revelers (“komasts”), warriors, Eos and Tithonos, the Death of Orpheus, Theseus, and musicians. Findspots are Vulci, sites in southern Italy and Sicily, Rheneia (Delos), Anavysos (Attica), and Athens.
Type
crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Plemochoe Type B

Definition
The Type B plemochoё is the later of the two types and is differentiated by its tall, medium-wide stem terminating in a disc-like foot. Authorities do not fully agree on the name of this vase and it is also called ‘exaleiptron’ and (incorrectly) ‘kothon.’ For further information on terminology, see 'plemochoё.'
Type
kon:Shape, skos:Concept

Villa Giulia Painter

Definition
An Athenian red figure painter whose name is unknown. He is named for the location of one of his vases.
Type
crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Kamares Ware

Definition
Kamares wares are a distinctive type of ceramic produced in Crete during the Minoan period.
Type
kon:Ware, skos:Concept

Chc Group

Definition
The CHC Group is a group of Athenian black-figure painters active late 6th to early 5th c. BCE. The name derives from the prevalence of chariot (CH) and courting (C) scenes. Associated with the group are the Heron Class, Dog Group, and the Group of Thebes R102. The primary shape is the skyphos. In addition to chariot and courting scenes, there are scenes of women dancing, myths, and sphinxes. Findspots include Athens (Agora, Acropolis), Rhitsona, Olbia, Miletus, Oria (Italy), and Corinth.
Type
crm:E74_Group, skos:Concept

Little Master Band Cup

Definition
A variation of the Little Master cup, this shape is painted black save for a handle zone that contains a decorated frieze, unlike lip-cups which are largely plain save for the line that divides the lip and the body.
Type
kon:Shape, skos:Concept

Timokrates Painter

Definition
The Timokrates Painter decorated vases in the white-ground technique in Athens from about 470 to 460 B.C.
Type
crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Pig Painter

Definition
The Pig Painter is an Athenian red-figure painter active ca. 470-450 BCE and a member of the Mannerist Group. The name derives from a pelike (Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Museum 9.17; BAPD 206456) showing men and pigs. Other shapes are the column-krater, hydria, and neck amphora. Subjects include Dionysos and followers, the symposion, revelers (“komasts”), athletes, and Theseus. Some findspots are the Athenian Agora, Corinth, Olympia, Camiros (Rhodes), sites in southern Italy and Sicily, Naukratis, and Kerch.
Type
crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Colmar Painter

Definition
The Colmar Painter is an Athenian red-figure cup painter active ca. 505-480 BCE. The name derives from a cup (Colmar, Musée d’Unterlinden 48; BAPD 203691) showing athletes. The painter also decorated a rhyton in the shape of a donkey’s head. Subjects include athletes, warriors, Herakles, Theseus, the symposion, satyrs, and male revelers (“komasts”). Findspots are Athens (Acropolis, Agora), sites in Etruria (Vulci, Orvieto, Tarquinia, Chuisi), and Ampurias (Spain).
Type
crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Added White

Definition
Added white refers to an additional white-colored pigment that is painted onto a Greek vase, usually before firing. Most notably, added white is used for the skin coloring of women in the black-figure technique, or as “second white” on white-ground vases. The white pigment comes from natural materials, such as calcareous clay, lead, or perhaps bone.
Type
kon:Technique, skos:Concept

Bucci Painter

Definition
The Bucci Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter active in the late 6th c. BCE. The name derives from an amphora formerly in a private collection (now New Orleans, Isaac Delgado Museum of Art 2033 [16.38]; 301635) showing Herakles and Hermes between columns. Mainly a painter of the amphora, subjects include chariots, youths, departures, and Herakles. Findspots are Vulci, Taranto, and Kamiros (Rhodes).
Type
crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Pan Painter

Definition
The Pan Painter is an Athenian red-figure vase-painter active ca. 490/80-450 BCE and a member of the Mannerist Group. The name derives from a bell krater discovered in Cumae (Boston, Museum of Fine Arts 10.185; BAPD 206276 ) showing Pan and a shepherd on one side and the Death of Aktaion on the other. Other shapes are kraters of different types, the amphora in different forms, the pelike, stamnos, lebes gamikos, loutrophoros, hydria, lekythos, alabastron, skyphos, and cups. Scenes include Nike, Dionysos and followers, gods and goddesses, Herakles and Busiris, Eos and Kephalos, Achilles, warriors, revelers (“komasts”), hunting, fishing, and funerary scenes. Some findspots are Athens (Acropolis, Agora, Kerameikos), Etruria (Cerveteri, Vulci), and sites in southern Italy and Sicily.
Type
crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Group of Würzburg 221

Definition
Attic vase painters, active ca. 480-450 B.C.
Type
crm:E74_Group, skos:Concept

Phrynos Painter

Definition
The Phrynos Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter of Little Master cups active ca. 560-540 BCE. The name derives from vases signed as potter ("epoiesen") by Phrynos, and it is uncertain if the painter and potter are the same person. Subjects include the Birth of Athena, Herakles, Bellerophon, Pegasos, and warriors. Findspots are Italy, Egypt, and the Athenian Agora.
Type
crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Bmn Painter

Definition
The BMN Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter active ca. 550-510 BCE, who worked with the potter Nikosthenes. The acronym derives from “British Museum Nikosthenes” and refers to a neck amphora from Agrigento with Nikosthenes signed as potter ("epoiesen") (London, British Museum B295; BAPD 302838). The painter decorated the amphora and Little Master cups, as well the hydria and oinochoe. Subjects are youths, athletes, warriors, Theseus and the Minotaur, and Herakles. Known findspots are in Etruria, Sicily, and Greece.
Type
crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Class

Definition
A class denotes vases of the same shape with enough similarities or details in common to suggest they belong together, such as the Segment Class or the Class of the Top-Band Stemless. A single class can include vases by different painters.
Type
org:Role, skos:Concept

Prometheus Painter

Definition
The Prometheus Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter of the Tyrrhenian Group active ca. 570-555 BCE. The name derives from an amphora (Florence, Archaeological Museum 76359; BAPD 310028) showing Herakles freeing Prometheus. Shapes are the neck amphora, hydria, and column krater. Subjects include Herakles/Amazons, Trojan War, and Birth of Athena. Findspots include Etruria, Clazomenae, Cyrene, and the Athenian Agora.
Type
crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Haimon Group

Definition
The Haimon Group is a group of Athenian black-figure painters active in the early decades of the 5th c. BCE. The name derives from the association with the Haimon Painter. Associated with the large output of the group are the Haimon Painter, Pholos Painter, Ure’s Class of Skyphoi K 2, Lancut Group, and the Painter of the Half-Palmettes. The main shapes are the lekythos, skyphos, mastos, and oinochoe. Findspots are Athens (Kerameikos, Agora, Acropolis), Olympia, Tanagra, sites in Italy, Olbia and Berezan, Miletus, and Naukratis.
Type
crm:E74_Group, skos:Concept

Kleitias

Definition
Kleitias is an Athenian black-figure painter active ca. 575-550 BCE who signs his name as painter (“egrapsen”). His best-known work is a volute-krater known as the François Vase, which was found in Chuisi (Etruria) and is now in Florence (Archaeological Museum 4209; BAPD 300000).It displays a series of mythological scenes and a large number of inscriptions. Other vases attributed to the painter portray Odysseus, warriors, Amazons, dancing youths, and maidens. Other shapes include the Siana cup, Little Master cup, skyphos, and hydria. Findspots include Athens (Acropolis, Agora), Samos (Heraion), Naukratis, Etruria, and Cyrene.
Type
crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Dinos

Definition
The term means 'drinking cup,' but is now wrongly used to designate the same shape as 'lebes.'
Type
kon:Shape, skos:Concept

West Greece

Definition
Generic term for West Greece, including Magna Graecia, Spain, Southern France, and North Africa.
Type
crm:E53_Place, skos:Concept

Mug

Definition
The name 'mug' is used to designate a deep, one-handled drinking cup. See kothon.
Type
kon:Shape, skos:Concept

Amphora Type A

Definition
The amphora Type A has a flaring lip with concave sides, flat flanged handles, a foot with the upper part stepped, and a lower echinus or torus. An early amphora shape that was popular in the black-figure technique, it was produced from the early 6th c. BCE to about 440 BCE.
Type
kon:Shape, skos:Concept

Phanyllis Group

Definition
The Phanyllis Group is a group of Athenian black-figure painters active at the end of the 6th c. BCE. The name derives from an inscribed lekythos dedicated on Delos to Hera “from Phanyllis” (Delos, Archaeological Museum 548; BAPD 30103) showing Dionysos. Associated with the group are the Group of the Arming Lekythoi and the Group of Hoplite-Leaving-Home. Primarily painters of the lekythos, other shapes connected to the group are the hydria and cups. Scenes are warriors, youths, athletes, Theseus, Herakles, and Dionysos. Findspots are Sicily, sites in Greece (Athens, Corinth, Perachora, Thasos, Rhodes), Adria (Adriatic coast of Italy), Olbia (Black Sea), and Pitane (modern Turkey).
Type
crm:E74_Group, skos:Concept

Black Glaze

Definition
Black glaze, also called “black gloss,” “black-painted,” or “black,” denotes the black slip that is applied to the entire surface of a Greek vase. Black glaze consists of a diluted form of the natural clay that is transformed through a chemical reaction during the firing process (see Black-figure). Surface decoration could include added color, gilding, relief, incision or stamped motifs. It has been suggested that the technique was meant to evoke metal vessels. Athens was the main producer of black glaze vases until c. 400 BCE. Other regions included South Italy and the Eastern Mediterranean, where they were made until the 1st c. BCE.
Type
kon:Technique, skos:Concept

Shuvalov Painter

Definition
The Shuvalov Painter was an Attic vase painter of the red-figure style, active between 440 and 410 BC, i.e. in the High Classical period (Parthenon period). The Shuvalov painter's conventional name was allocated by John Beazley, who chose for a name vase an amphora that is now at the Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg.
Type
crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Silver

Definition
Silver is a chemical element with the symbol Ag (from the Latin argentum, derived from the Proto-Indo-European h₂erǵ: "shiny" or "white") and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it exhibits the highest electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and reflectivity of any metal.
Type
crm:E57_Material, skos:Concept

Black Polychrome

Definition
Black polychrome is a light-on-dark technique where vessels are painted with a black glaze (see Black Glaze) and details are added in other colors, such as red and white. Ornaments or patterns can also be incised. In Athens the technique appears on the phiale in the late 6th c. BCE, and can include floral motifs, animals, or human figures. Those with floral ornamentation probably imitated metal vessels. The technique is related to Six’s Technique (see Six’s Technique), which was also made in Athens. It also resembles East Greek Vroulian ware in some examples. Findspots include the Athenian Acropolis and Eleusis.
Type
kon:Technique, skos:Concept

Bareiss Painter

Definition
A late-sixth century B.C. Athenian black figure vase painter, probably part of the workshop known as the Medea Group.
Type
crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Vasiliki Ware

Definition
The EM IIA and IIB Vasiliki Ware, named for the Minoan site in eastern Crete, has mottled glaze effects, early experiments with controlling color, but the elongated spouts drawn from the body and ending in semicircular spouts show the beginnings of the tradition of Minoan elegance.
Type
kon:Ware, skos:Concept

Copenhagen Painter

Definition
The Copenhagen Painter is an Athenian red-figure painter connected to the Syriskos Group, active ca. 470’s BCE and earlier. The name derives from an amphora (Type B) from Vulci (Copenhagen, National Museum 125 [320]; BAPD 202920) showing an African youth with a basket. The Copenhagen Painter’s style is closely related to that of the Syriskos Painter and the two painters are sometimes hard to distinguish. Shapes are the stamnos, pelike, hydria, and krater. Subjects include the Tyrannicides, the Struggle for the Delphic Tripod, Herakles, Theseus and the Minotaur, Medea and Jason, and the symposion. Some findspots are Vulci, Nola, Athens (Acropolis, Agora), and Eleusis.
Type
crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Cock Group

Definition
The Cock Group is a group of Athenian black-figure painters active at the end of the 6th c. BCE. The name derives from the cocks adorning the shoulder of the lekythos, the shape associated with the group. Scenes include myth, warriors, and Dionysos. The primary findspots are Athens, Boeotia, Rhodes, Sicily, and Olbia.
Type
crm:E74_Group, skos:Concept

Group of Toronto 305

Definition
The Group of Toronto 305 are a group of Athenian black-figure painters active in the last quarter of the 6th c. BCE. They are considered followers of the Antimenes Painter. The name derives from an amphora (Toronto, Royal Ontario Museum 305; BAPD 320246) featuring Dionysos and Herakles. Decorating mainly the amphora, subjects include warriors, riders, Dionysian scenes, Herakles, and Amazons. Findspots are sites in Etruria and Kerch.
Type
crm:E74_Group, skos:Concept

Perizoma Group

Definition
The Perizoma Group is a group of Athenian black-figure painters active from the last quarter of the 6th c. BCE. The name derives from the white loincloth (“perizoma”) worn by athletes and dancers. Shapes include the stamnos, small neck amphora, and one-handled kantharos (an Etruscan shape). Scenes are athletes and the symposion. Findspots include mostly Etruscan sites, with stray finds in Gela and Rhodes.
Type
crm:E74_Group, skos:Concept

Anagyrus Painter

Definition
The Anagyrus Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter dated to the first quarter of the 6th c. BCE. The name derives from the ancient name for Vari (Attica), where many vases have been found. Shapes include the amphora, oinochoe, chalice, and plate. Other findspots include Spata (Attica) and the Athenian Agora.
Type
crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Amphora Type C

Definition
The amphora Type C has a rounded lip and torus or echinus foot and its handles vary in shape. It was potted from the second quarter of the 6th c. BCE in the black-figure technique (especially by the Affecter's workshop), and from ca. 520 BCE to 470 BCE in the red-figure technique.
Type
kon:Shape, skos:Concept

Troilos Painter

Definition
The Troilos Painter is an Athenian red-figure painter active ca. 470-460 BCE who painted using black-figure. The name derives from a hydria from Vulci (London, British Museum 99.7-21.4; BAPD 203082) showing Troilos and Polyxena. Shapes are the amphora, stamnos, pelike, calyx krater, hydria, and lekythos. Subjects include the Struggle for the Delphic Tripod, gods and goddesses, Herakles and Busiris, the Death of Orpheus, the Gigantomachy, and athletes. Some findspots are Etruria (Vulci, Cerveteri), Orvieto, Nola, and Duvanlij (Thrace).
Type
crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

J. Paul Getty Museum

Definition
The J. Paul Getty Museum, commonly referred to as the Getty, is an art museum in California housed on two campuses: the Getty Center and Getty Villa.
Type
crm:E40_Legal_Body, skos:Concept

Andokides Painter (black-figure)

Definition
The Andokides Painter (sometimes referred to as the Lysippides Painter [Red-figure]) is an Athenian black-figure painter active during the second half of the 6th c. BCE. The name derives from vases signed by Andokides as potter ("epoiesen"). Though known for using the black-figure technique, the painter is also considered the first to regularly work in the red-figure technique after its invention ca. 530-520 BCE (see Andokides Painter [Red-figure]). As a black-figure vase-painter, the artist is best known for bilingual vases (decorated with the same scene on both sides, one in red-figure and the other in black-figure). It remains unclear whether the bilingual vases were painted by a single artist or by two. Shapes are mainly the amphora and cups, and scenes are mythological (Ajax and Achilles, Herakles, Dionysos). Findspots are Vulci, Orvieto, other sites in Italy, and the Athenian Acropolis.
Type
crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Tyrrhenian Group

Definition
The Tyrrhenian Group is a group of Athenian black-figure painters active ca. 570-550 BCE who decorate the ovoid neck amphora with human figures and multiple animal friezes. The name derives from the large number of vessels discovered in Etruria (located in Italy along the Tyrrhenian Sea). Painters of the group include the Castellani Painter, the Goltyr Painter, the Guglielmi Painter, the Timiades Painter, and the Kyllenios Painter. Despite some controversy about their place of manufacture, petrographic analysis indicates that the vases were produced in Athens. Many of the vases have “nonsense inscriptions” in Greek. The major finds spots are sites in Etruria, while some have been discovered in Athens (Agora, Acropolis, Kerameikos), Miletus, Ionia (Turkey), Cyrene, and Naukratis.
Type
crm:E74_Group, skos:Concept

Type B Exaleiptron

Definition
The Type B Exaleiptron displays a tall, medium-wide stem that terminates in a disk-like foot.
Type
kon:Shape, skos:Concept

Skyphos Krater

Definition
The skyphos-krater is a very large, deep bowl with two horizontal strap handles with returns, and its rim is flanged or incurving to receive a domed lid. The bowl may be supported by an echinus foot, or joined to a conical stand. The skyphos-krater is an uncommon shape with a long history, being made from the Late Geometric period to the first quarter of the 6th c. BCE.
Type
kon:Shape, skos:Concept

Harrow Painter

Definition
The Harrow Painter is an Athenian red-figure painter active ca. 480-460 BCE. The name derives from an oinochoe (Harrow, UK, Harrow School Museum 56; BAPD 202673) showing a boy with a hoop. Other shapes include a wide range of pots: the neck amphora, pelike, stamnos, column krater, and hydria. Subjects include generic scenes (youths, men, women), Dionysos and followers, gods and goddesses, Theseus, Herakles, centaurs, the symposion, and Capture of Silenos. Some findspots are Athens (Acropolis, Agora), Etruria (Vulci, Cerveteri), Nola, Falerii, sites in Sicily, Gordion, Kerch, and Bourges (France).
Type
crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Oon

Definition
The oon is an egg-shaped vessel.
Type
kon:Shape, skos:Concept

Nikosthenes Painter

Definition
The Nikosthenes Painter (also known as the Painter of Sleep and Death) is an Athenian red-figure painter active ca. 510-500 BCE. The name derives from the potter ("epoiesen") who signs as Nikosthenes on several examples (see Nikosthenes [Black-figure]). Shapes are cups, the skyphos, kantharos, pyxis, and neck amphora. Subjects include athletes, satyrs and maenads, revelers (“komasts”), warriors, Herakles, Hermes and cattle, and Odysseus under the ram. Some findspots are Etruria (Cerveteri, Vulci, Gravisca, Orvieto, Tarquinia), Athens (Acropolis, Agora), Naukratis, Clazomenae, Marseille, and Leuke (Black Sea).
Type
crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Hypsis

Definition
Hypsis is an Athenian red-figure painter and part of the Pioneer Group active ca. 510 BCE. The name is inscribed as painter (“egrapsen”) on a hydria from Vulci (Munich, Antikensammlungen 2423; BAPD 200170) showing Amazons. The preferred shape is the hydria. Another subject includes women at a fountain house. The vases have been found at Vulci.
Type
crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Lekanis with Spout

Definition
The spouted lekanis follows the traditional lekanis shape but has a bridged spout attached at and rising slightly above the rim.
Type
kon:Shape, skos:Concept

Bellerophon Painter

Definition
The Bellerophon Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter active ca. 630-600 BCE. On two examples of the neck amphora, Bellerophon and the chimera are shown, giving the painter its name. Findspots include Vari and Etruria.
Type
crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Antimenes Painter

Definition
The Antimenes Painter is an Athenian black-figure painter active ca. 530-510 BCE. The name derives from the inscription “kalos Antimenes” (“Antimenes is beautiful”) appearing on a hydria from Vulci (Leiden, (Rijksmuseum II167 [PC63]; BAPD 320011) showing men washing in a fountain-house. Shapes are mostly the hydria and neck amphora. The painter has a wide range of mythological scenes, including Herakles, Dionysos, Amazons, Theseus and the Minotaur, and the Gigantomachy, as well as everyday scenes of the fountain-house and olive picking. Most examples have been discovered in Vulci and Tarquinia.
Type
crm:E21_Person, skos:Concept

Oll Group

Definition
The OLL Group (Oxford-Leipzig-Louvre) is a group of Athenian black-figure painters active ca. 565-550 BCE. The group consists of painters of the ovoid neck amphora with mythological subjects and animal friezes. The vases are sometimes included in the Tyrrhenian Group. The incorporation of a large figural frieze distinguishes them from the Tyrrhenian Group. Findspots include Cerveteri, Rhodes, and the Athenian Acropolis.
Type
crm:E74_Group, skos:Concept
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